出資

The present project proposal is a follow up of the project PD 57/99 Rev.2 (F) “Sustainable Management of Production Forests at the Commercial Scale in the Brazilian Amazon – Phase I” with the final objective to encourage the adoption of good forest management practices by timber enterprises in the Brazilian Amazon. In its first phase, the project developed and validated, in collaboration with two timber enterprises, a set of silvicultural and managerial tools to support enterprises working in terra firme forests of the Brazilian Amazon in planning, implementing and monitoring its operations to achieve sustained financial benefits under current and foreseeable environmental and social conditions. The here presented second phase of this project focus on the transfer of these tools to timber enterprises in the Amazon. In particular, the project will consolidate the tools for Sustainable Forest Management - SFM developed in the first phase, build capacity of training centres and universities of the Amazon region to transfer the SFM tools to timber enterprises and government environmental agencies responsible for forest management, evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of transferring the SFM tools to timber enterprises, and disseminate project achievements and products to a large audience of relevant stakeholders.

The project-executing agency is the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Eastern Amazon Embrapa. The Ministry of Environment - MMA through the Brazilian Institute for Environment and Natural Renewable Resources – IBAMA - and its Forest Management National Support Centre – CENAFLOR, the Brazilian National Forestry Programme - PNF, and the Brazilian Forest Service - SFB will be main partner institutions in this Project, together with Tropical Forest Institute - IFT. The Ministry of Environment - MMA through SFB who is in charge of managing Public Forests in Brazil is presently establishing the first forest concessions in the country. The Brazilian Amazon is the key region to start the process. The concessionaires are required by contract to apply good management practices in the forest. The application of those practices will be monitored by IBAMA and by SFB. Thus training in the use of the forest management tools developed by the project in its first phase by the concessionaires is of utmost importance. To accomplish this goal, CENAFLOR will play an important role regarding the support to train the concessionaires in applying the tools. The Centre for International Forestry Research - CIFOR and the University of Freiburg (ALU-FR) will collaborate with institutional support. In addition, a number of governmental and non-governmental institutions in the region will participate or benefit from the project.

The remote and isolated 35,400ha Sungai Medihit Watershed in UluLimbang Division, Sarawak, MALAYSIA is home to two ethnic communities, Kelabit and Penan, who subsist in a state of poverty on shifting agriculture and resources collected from the increasingly disturbed surrounding forests. The project is designed to promote the sustainable forest management in Sungai Medihit watershed area by building the capacity of the community, demonstrating innovative operational model and establishing new governance mechanism on community development. Specifically the project will promote the sustainable forest management by rational planning, technique innovation and mechanism design; enhance the capacity of the community on forest management and livelihood development to contribute sustainable development of local communities; and better the living conditions by renovating the community service infrastructure.

The benefits of the project will flow as stakeholders continue their initiatives and use the Stakeholder Forum and process developed by the Project to continue to meet to synergize over new initiatives for innovative resource conservation and management. The community livelihood activities include: 1) demonstrating the small livestock raising project to ease the threat of hunting to wildlife; 2) demonstrating the household vegetable cropping to tackle the shortage supply of the vegetables; and 3) demonstrating the innovative cultivation approaches to generate the economic benefit flow for the community. Sarawak State Government departments and agencies will benefit by gaining a model process for stakeholder consultations for strategy development and model strategies that can be applied in other areas in Sarawak.

The utilization of cempaka wood, indigenous and local species trees in North Sulawesi, has increased with a high demand for local wood production materials such as traditional house (Woloan), ships, traditional music tools and other house hold tools. The demand of Woloan as traditional house is increasing around 60% in the 2011. In recent years, cempaka wood supply from natural forest is declining. The unbalance between supply and demand for cempaka wood may result in unsustainable utilization of cempaka resource in North Sulawesi. The alternative solution is to promote the development of cempaka plantations which currently are very limited in extent. The development objective of the proposed project is to contribute to the conservation of cempaka species that are the icon species of North Sulawesi. Its specific objective is to develop the conservation and plantations of cempaka with the involvement of local communities in North Sulawesi.

Strategic actions will include: technical guidance for development of community cempaka plantations for sustainable cempaka species; development of nurseries and community cempaka plantations; establishing a stakeholder forum on cempaka plantations; and policy development for cempaka plantations and sustainable management. The expected outputs are: (i) capacity of local communities in cempaka plantation development enhanced, (ii) participation of local communities in cempaka plantation development increased, and (iii) government policy on the conservation and utilization of cempaka species reviewed and strengthened.

This small project stems from project PD 583/10 Rev.1 (F), which was implemented to assess the feasibility of restoring arid or sub-humid ecosystems in the southern coastal region of Peru and which has proven to be highly beneficial from an environmental and socioeconomic viewpoint after reforesting 75 hectares with Caesalpinea spinosa in eriaza (waste) lands that previously had no economic or environmental value.

As a result of that project phase, it has been possible to develop a new flora and fauna ecosystem of considerable significance and the future outlook of nearly one million hectares in this Peruvian coastal ecosystem has been improved by contributing not only to the socioeconomic development of the region but also to carbon sequestration, increasing CO2 storage levels from 0 to an average 8-10 Mt/ha/year. This is fully consistent with the concepts and strategies of climate change mitigation and rehabilitation of degraded forest lands.

This project will be implemented in the Department of Arequipa, Province of Camaná, in Southern Peru. Given its ecological, environmental and socioeconomic conditions, this region is highly significant and representative of tropical semi-arid or sub-humid areas in Peru, where social, economic and environmental alternatives need to be adjusted to the shortage of water for both irrigation and human consumption, so as to generate economic income to help improve the living standards of the rural population. The specific objective of the project is to develop guidelines for SFM and agroforestry systems with a view to the rehabilitation of degraded lands in the Peruvian coastal region and develop a technological package that can be used for reforestation with Caesalpinea spinosa and agroforestry systems.

The following outcomes are expected to be produced by the end of the project: i) Consolidation of technical experiences in the management and competitive production of Tara in the southern coastal region of Peru through a high productivity module; ii) Development of a technological package for the management of Tara and associated agroforestry systems; and iii) Guidelines for SFM in Tara plantations and rehabilitation of degraded and eriaza lands to be applied throughout the coastal region of Peru.

The Ahua Forest Reserve has deteriorated sharply due mainly to land clearing for the establishment of crops, illegal logging to meet the needs for fuel wood (charcoal and firewood). Therefore, this trend has to be reversed in order to put a stop to the degradation of this forest reserve by engaging in rehabilitation activities involving agroforestry practices, which will be initiated with women members of the MALEBI Association.

Thus, the MALEBI Association developed the idea to prepare this project for its women members; so that these women must shift from the status of persons consuming raw wood (for charcoal production), to the status of persons contributing to raise the level of forest resources through rehabilitation activities on the Ahua Forest Reserve. These project pilot rehabilitation activities, to be conducted by the Women's Association MALEBI, are to set an example for the local communities surrounding the Ahua Forest Reserve.

The project will contribute to increase the forest cover of the Ahua Forest Reserve (AFR) through the involvement of local communities surrounding the AFR. The project specifically aims at implementing the gradual rehabilitation of the Ahua Forest Reserve with women members of the MALEBI Association, in order to compensate for the wood they remove and use to produce charcoal.

The two outputs expected from the implementation of this project are the following:

• One production and distribution structure for quality seeds and seedlings is operational; and
• The 100-ha agroforestry plantation of Cassia siamea, Tectona grandis and Triplochiton scleroxylon, mixed with food crops (rice, maize, yams and cassava) is established.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) has great potential for reducing emissions and achieving sustainable forest management but it is a relatively new concept in Cambodia. REDD+ project development activities in Cambodia initiated in 2008 are increasingly important for the achievement of SFM in the country. The project aims to advance the REDD+ program in Cambodia by building on the experiences of those on-going REDD+ activities to standardize the procedures to meet, in an efficient and effective manner, the technical specifications of REDD+ jurisdictional standards to reduce the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the Tomring Forest in Kampong Thom province. The project also seeks to provide appropriate incentives to reduce dependence on the unsustainable use of forest resources to local communities, especially those participating in community forestry management activities in the Tomring Forest and provide REDD+ implementation training to strengthen the capacity of government officials and community members who are expected to assume increasingly important roles in efforts to reduce the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation.

The project site in the Tomring Forest is expected to be considered for validation and verification under the Climate, Community, and Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA) and Verified Carbon Standards (VCS) using the innovative jurisdictional and nested REDD+ (JNR) approach. Outputs at the close of the project include: (1) awareness of carbon emissions and mitigation and adaptation measures will have been enhanced; (2) control of the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Kampong Thom province will have been strengthened; and (3) institutional capabilities to implement REDD+ initiatives will have been increased.

The implementation of forest incentive programs in Guatemala has given rise to production initiatives by community groups based on goods and services derived from forests and/or forest plantations. Community enterprises are usually established through local non-profit social development projects and their most common weakness is a lack of capacity for effective production and marketing of forest products.

In this context, there is a clear need to strengthen the business management capacity of these community groups through the provision of technical assistance to develop their business profiles and identify sources of financial support as well as training on markets, product design, marketing and sales, and access to the formal sector to enable them to address new markets and expand their production.

To this end, the implementation of a pilot project is proposed to: help build local business management capacities through INAB’s trade liaison officers; provide guidance to community groups in the identification, establishment and promotion of forest enterprises; and support the training of these groups in production, administration, accounting, legal and business issues and product design, while providing them with technical assistance to facilitate their access to financing sources.

The development objective of the project is to “Contribute to poverty alleviation and local development by strengthening community enterprises involved in the production and marketing of timber and non-timber products and environmental services”.

Its specific objective is to “Improve local business management capacities to develop and manage forest MSMEs”.

The western part of Côte d'Ivoire was the scene of violent clashes during the successive crises of 2002-2011. This area took a heavy toll during the warfare, which has generated many internally and externally displaced populations (to Liberia and Ghana) and led to the establishment of refugee camps in the towns of Duékoué and Guiglo. To flee warfare areas, some communities settled in the reserve forests destroying the existing natural resource bases and assets.

The Duékoué and Scio forests (52,675 ha and 88,000 ha respectively) were not spared – they were literally plundered with local communities, displaced persons and refugees engaging in uncontrolled logging and wood harvesting. Therefore, it has become urgent to take steps for the recovery of all lost forest assets through the involvement of local communities (displaced and /or refugees).

To achieve this goal, the project will include the rehabilitation of 2,000 ha of forest land through the establishment of taungya agroforestry plantations, with the involvement of local populations (displaced persons and refugees), the production and dissemination of high quality seeds and seedlings to local communities, the subcontracting of forest rehabilitation work with local communities and distribution of processing equipment for the marketing of food products to improve the living conditions of these communities.

Mangrove forests constitute one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, while at the same time they are one of the ecosystems that can sequester and store the highest volumes of carbon, and while the National System for Natural Protected Areas (SINANPE) has contributed to the sustainability of this ecosystem by establishing the National Sanctuary of Tumbes Mangroves (Santuario Nacional de los Manglares de Tumbes – SNLMT), there is an insufficient number of participatory mechanisms for the overall conservation of mangrove forest ecosystems in the Piura and Tumbes regions. This in turn leads to low living standards for the communities living in mangrove ecosystem areas and to the loss of biodiversity.

In order to address this situation, this proposal envisages improving the standard of living of the population in mangrove ecosystem areas in the regions of Tumbes and Piura. More specifically, it will increase the number of participatory mechanisms for mangrove forest protection and conservation in the regions of Tumbes and Piura through the: 1) Adequate use of legal powers by regional and local governments for the conservation of mangrove forests; 2) Improved level of forest administration and management so as to preserve mangrove ecosystems; and 3) Financial sustainability strategies for mangrove forests developed and under implementation.

The main project outcomes that are expected to be achieved upon project completion are: (i) The management capacity for the conservation of mangrove forests in two (2) regional governments and two (2) municipalities will have been strengthened; (ii) three (3) protected areas will have been established: the Mangrove /Dry Forest Biological Corridor, the San Pedro de Vice Mangrove Forest and the New Vichayal Mangrove Forest; (iii) the management efficiency of the National Sanctuary of Tumbes Mangroves (SNLMT) will have been improved; (iv) the appropriate use of resources (forest and hydrobiological resources) in mangrove forests will have been promoted through the implementation of 10 sub-projects for sustainable economic activities, and (v) two (2) financial mechanisms will have been promoted so as to contribute to the sustainability of mangrove forests.

This project proposal is aimed at following up one of the outputs of ITTO-financed project PD 405/06 Rev.3 (F): “Extending the area under sustainable forest management in the forest lands of the Emberá-Wounaan Comarca, Darien, Panama”, which characterized and described institutional, administrative and socioeconomic factors promoting illegal logging in the region of Darien and, as a result, produced a framework document on guidelines and strategies requiring immediate institutional action to counteract incremental forest degradation, which leads to illegal logging related practices and other unsustainable activities.

Thus, the main aim of this project proposal is to support the implementation of the Strategy for Illegal Logging Prevention and Control, as the problem of illegal logging has become out of control. Its negative effects not only hinder any forest land management initiatives through unfair price competition and non-payment of stumpage fees but, most importantly, lead to a drastic reduction of the forest cover and continued loss of biodiversity in the country, including in the Darien National Park and other protected areas.

Expected project outcomes at the macro level are: (i) Establishment of an institutional and governance framework for illegal logging prevention and control based on a cross-sectoral agreement and the adjustment of harvesting permits to the size of forest management units (FMU), the allocation of technical and legal responsibilities to forest professionals (forest regency system) and the revision of harvesting standards by local governments (Comarcas and Municipalities); (ii) Incorporation of an efficient timber flow monitoring and control mechanism, including: a) origin and legality; b) rotational forest permit verification systems; c) checking of timber volumes both at processing centers and transport points; d) development of software for production and transport control; and e) establishment of a traceability and chain of custody system; (iii) Development of a proposal on financial mechanisms to promote responsible forest management and trade in the natural forests of Panama by: a) exploring various incentive mechanisms; and b) promoting responsible purchasing policies as an incentive for stakeholders involved in sustainable forest management practices; (iv) Development of a responsible purchasing campaign so as to raise awareness on the administrative and institutional provisions of the Strategy and promote the certificate of origin “Darién Responsable” (Responsible Darien) for timber products and by-products from forests under good management practices in the region of Darien.

The PNG Forestry Authority (FA) currently is implementing 5 REDD+ demonstration activities and has undertaken a variety of initiatives to fully promote the concept of REDD+, including reviewing provincial forest plans, undertaking internal restructuring and launching new policy initiatives. However, there is an increasing need for more consultation in the design of the national REDD+ strategy and related policy and guidelines. Strengthening the governance has been recognized as an important challenge to ensure the effective design and implementation of REDD+ with support across departments and broad stakeholder support towards REDD+ performance-based payments.

In light of the need to strengthen the governance of REDD+ in PNG, the development objective of the proposed project is to contribute to good governance of REDD+ in the country so as to facilitate the achievement of climate change mitigation and national development goals through the sustainable management and enhancement of forest resources. Specifically, the project aims to develop a voluntary standard for REDD+ quality-of-governance, which can strengthen governance by guiding and evaluating REDD+ structures and processes at national and sub-national levels. The REDD+ quality-of-governance standard will be developed through a multi-stakeholder process that involves an online survey, face-to-face interviews with key stakeholders, a multi-stakeholder forum workshop, and field-testing at demonstration sites. The project will also analyze the process and outcomes of the research and determine the feasibility of applying such standards regionally and internationally.

The coastal and mangrove wetlands in the Rewa Delta (35,238 ha), Fiji, is undoubtedly a source of important resources for local communities in the area for both marine and terrestrial resources but more importantly, safeguards the entire coastal ecosystem that supports riparian flat lands. However, these wetlands have been affected by social and economic pressures without any specific policy aligned to a single Government Agency. Excessive resources extraction has resulted in reduction in vegetation area and critical habitat loss as well as declining sustainable livelihood opportunities.

The development objective of the project is to contribute to sustainable management of coastal and mangrove wetlands in the Rewa Delta while improving the livelihoods of local communities. Specifically, the project proposes the restoration and management of at least 3,381 hectares as demonstration site; training of 17 communities involved in awareness creation on the importance of wetlands, and development of alternative livelihood options to reduce overdependence on the coastal and mangrove wetland vegetation. The target community lies within the Tikina of Bau, Tailevu; a densely populated area in the Rewa Delta. Expected outputs of the project include the collation of key issues on coastal and mangrove wetlands and the formulation of relevant policy framework. In addition, it is expected that communities will adopt alternative livelihoods that will reduce pressure from overutilization of coastal and mangrove wetland resources; and by the end of the project at least 500 ha of the degraded area in the selected demonstration site would be rehabilitated with appropriate coastal tree species to support ecosystem services and human wellbeing in the long term.

Sumatra is one largest island in Indonesia which has abundant biological diversity, including indigenous plant species. Some of the high-value indigenous species are Sumatran yew (Taxus sumatrana), Sumatran merbau (Intsia palembanica), lesser-known non-timber forest products (NTFPs) producing species. However, overexploitation, encroachment, and illegal activities have made such high-value species threatened to extinction. High commercially valuable timber species such as Sumatran merbau, kulim, andalas, and giam have been excessively and illegally logged for last several decades. Lesser-known NTFPs producing species have also been illegally logged for collection. Whereas, endemic and relatively limited distribution and small population size (T. sumatrana) has been threatened by habitat encroachment, population disruption and illegal logging.

The overall objective of this project is to contribute to the sustainable management of high-valued indigenous species of Sumatra. The specific objective of the project is to enhance the achieving of conservation goal through revitalization of the existing conservation program, harvest control systems, and regeneration. The expected outputs are: (1) The conservation of selected high-value indigenous species accelerated, (2) The harvest control of those species promoted, and (3) Regeneration capacity of those species improved. Primary beneficiaries of the project are local communities, local governments, Directorate of Biodiversity Conservation (MoF), Ministry of Environment, BAPPENAS, and Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI). The benefits range from updated data and information on distribution, the conservation status and protection (conservation), and regeneration for selected high-value indigenous species. This proposed project will also contribute to the socio economic improvement of forest dependent community.

This project was formulated pursuant to ITTC Decision 4(XXIX) in order to develop a framework of cooperation between ITTO and ATO for the promotion and application of ATO/ITTO principles, criteria and indicators (PCI) for the sustainable management of African forests, which could eventually lead to credible assessment and certification systems. The specific objectives of the project are to establish key elements of adequate capacity:

(i) to implement ATO/ITTO PCI at national level in the African member countries of ITTO.
(ii) for effective regional-level cooperation through the ATO to support individual member countries to implement the ATO/ITTO PCI.

Under Phase I of the project, the draft ATO/ITTO PCI were drafted for endorsement by both organizations and some 160 relevant forestry staff in 7 countries were trained in their implementation. An auditing framework for African forests was also developed. More than 100 trainers were trained to conduct audits based on the ATO/ITTO PCI at the forest management unit level. National PCI/certification standards were developed in 5 countries, collection of data on PCI was undertaken in 9 countries, improvement of national monitoring/auditing frameworks commenced in all 10 African producer countries, and ATO’s advisory and dissemination capacity in relation to PCI was enhanced.

Phase II continued with efforts to extend these activities to all ITTO Producer Members in Africa and was reported complete at the 46th ITTC session. Phase III, Stage 1 was funded at the same session and commenced implementation in 2011. It was reported complete at the 49th ITTC session in 2013. Phase III Stage 2 will result in all African member countries of ITTO (including new members Benin, Mali and Mozambique) having nationally agreed and internationally accepted C&I/auditing frameworks which will serve as the basis for independent certification for countries desiring or requiring this.

In 2003, Côte d’Ivoire implemented ITTO pre-project PPD 61/02 Rev.2 (M) to provide a diagnosis of the current status of forest statistics in Côte d’Ivoire and to develop a strategy and a project to establish a national forest statistics management system. Since then, the implementation of this strategy has been initiated. An Integrated Forestry Activities Management System (SIGAF) was designed within the Ministry of Water Forest Resources (SIGAF). Several computerized forest statistics management systems have been developed but the system is still not operational.

This project constitutes a new stage in the implementation of the national strategy for improving the forestry statistics management system contained in the strategy document resulting from the pre-project. This stage is to effectively implement the system. Specifically, this project is to provide for the following:

• Testing and improving the information system to better address the expectations of users and better adapt to the requirements of the FLEGT mechanism currently under formulation in Côte d’Ivoire.

• Building the capacities of the personnel in those structures mandated to collect and process forest statistics, both within MINEF and economic stakeholders of the timber industry.

The implementation of this project will achieve the full computerization of the forest statistics data collection and processing system and thereby contribute to improving the decision-making process within the forest sector.

With the ever-increasing consumers’ awareness to sustainable forest management, forest product certification is becoming an important precondition for global market access. Despite its status as a major exporter of wood including West African teak, Benin has experienced a long delay in forest certification. In fact, until now, no forest certification initiative has been launched there and stakeholders are not sufficiently informed or trained. Principles, criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management which are the prerequisites for certification have not been formulated. This set Benin forest products at a disadvantage and causes losses of economic and financial opportunities on the global market. This pre-project proposes to meet this challenge. It aims to comprehensively contribute to the sustainable management of forest resources through the certification of forest products from natural forests or plantations under sustainable management plans. Specifically this pre-project aims at gathering the information required to formulate a project forest certification project proposal in Benin. Upon completion of the pre-project, the main expected outputs are: (i) baseline information for the certification of ONAB national plantation estates is available, (ii) a project for timber certification in Benin is formulated and submitted to ITTO for approval. In more detailed and practical terms, this project will identify and describe the types of players and stakeholders involved in the certification process, conduct consultations and advocacy activities directed at all players and stakeholders involved in the forest certification process, formulate national-level PCIs and conduct a market review.

The development objective of this proposal is to contribute to the enhancement of the efficiency and competitiveness of Guyana’s wood processing sector as a means of achieving sustainable utilization of timber resources and national development. The specific objective is to strengthen the performance of the wood processing sector through building local capacity and enhancing national system that will promote and facilitate efficient trade and utilization of lumber for local and export markets.

The project’s outputs are:

• Trained personnel operating within wood processing operations. (Management, Supervisors, Operators, and Regulators);
• Report on a National system for local and export trade of lumber that is supported through a reviewed Guyana Timber Grading rules, and quality/dimensional standards for lumber to be used in the construction sector; and
• Awareness increase for persons using lumber (Contractors, Architect, Value-Added Operations).

At the end of the project period the following outcomes will be achieved:

• The wood processing sector in Guyana will be facilitating sustainable utilization of timber resources and making a greater impact towards national development in the long term, through the creation of employment and the operation of efficient and competitive companies that are producing quality products for local and export markets.
• The enhancement of the National system for local and international trade in lumber will influence fairness in the trade of lumber, proper use of wood, and reduce waste.
• The Regulatory agencies will be better able to exercise their mandate in relation to the wood processing sector.

Systematic approach of managing forest resources, also known as Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), has evolved throughout the years to fulfil environmental and conservation needs, as well as, achieve optimum economic production. This practice was carried out systematically where damaged to the stand was minimised and controlled during timber harvesting, taking into consideration other aspects such as environment and biological diversity.

Over the years, Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) as a key component of SFM has gained much of attentions especially when it takes into consideration aspects such as environment and biological diversity in its intensive planning and carefully controlled timber harvesting operations to minimise environmental impact on forest stands and soil. This has not only believed to enhance the productivity of the residual stand and to shorten the cutting cycle but also believed to reduce forest degradation in terms of total carbon stocks.

While considerable progress has been made towards some aspects of RIL, attitudes and implementation on the ground have changed little in many areas. Moreover, awareness about RIL and understanding of its concepts and components remain weak. There are concerns that the implementations of RIL are not being met so far and thus affecting the productivity of the residual stands and biological diversity. This was believed to be due to the lack of trained and skilled personal on the ground as well as lack of RIL training (RIL training manuals and modules, and RIL training curriculum), RIL training centre and RIL demonstration site (field training station). Therefore, it is very crucial that formal knowledge and skills on RIL and its implementation on the ground be inculcated among trainers and forest workers.

The main objective of RIFFEAC is to promote inter-institutional collaboration at sub-regional level between training institutions in order to improve training standards and address the needs of sustainable forest ecosystem management in the Congo Basin. RIFFEAC priority actions are as follows: a) to promote the involvement of all stakeholders in sustainable forest ecosystem management; b) to incorporate the notion of sustainable forest management in the training programmes of member institutions; c) to harmonize training programmes and activities among member institutions; d) to review common problems and seek solutions, and e) to promote knowledge and experience-sharing among members, especially in training and research areas.

This project will contribute to building human resources capacities required to achieve sustainable forest ecosystem management in the Congo basin by reconciling social economic imperatives and the maintenance of ecological balances.

The project specifically intends to build the capacities of environmental and forestry training institutions in Central Africa to ensure they are capable to train qualified personnel to implement sustainable forest management, while ensuring the biodiversity conservation in the Congo Basin.

The project will contribute to achieve the abovementioned goal and objectives through the main following expected outputs:

• Output 1: Six (6) harmonized reference training modules/programmes in sustainable forest management developed, reviewed, adapted and implemented, while taking into account the biodiversity conservation requirements under the framework of CBD’s Programme of Work on Forest Biodiversty. One of the the six modules should be focusing on biodiversity conservation issue
• Output 2: One hundred ten (110) full-time trainers one hundred seventy (170) supernumeray/part-time trainers in seven (7) RIFFEAC founding training institution members updated and/or trained on the utilization of equipment and materials acquired for the capacity reinforcement, in relation to the six (6) harmonized reference training programmes/modules to be finalized under Output 1
• Output 3: Training and teaching equipment and materials acquired and provided in each training institution, as well as infrastructure (teaching rooms, laboratories and other facilities) enhanced, in accordance with the needs of each training institution, in order to progressively contribute filling the yearly gap of one hundred eighty (180) engineers and four hundred forty (440) technicals required for the sustainable forest management and biodiverity conservation actions in the Congo Basin countries

Out of the total amount of US$4.4 million of the ITTO budget, three governments (Belgium, Japan and Switzerland) have already pledged 88.25%, as follows:

Sources Contributions
(in US$) (%)
ITTO / Japan - 3,523,645 - 79.93
ITTO / Switzerland - 270,000 - 6.12
ITTO / Belgium - 97,037 - 2.20
ITTO / Other Donors (to be determined) / Outstanding balance 517,875 - 11.75
TOTAL: 4,408,557 - 100.00

The project implementation started in March 2012 with funds pledged during the 47th ITTC Session in November 2011, although the project was not fully funded. That is why ITTO is already calling on other donors to complement the outstanding balance of 11.75%, in order to get this project fully funded for the full implementation of all project activities.

Production forests in the province of Bengkulu, Indonesia have been severely degraded during last 20 years. The degraded forest lands have been reached to about 140 thousand ha or about 62% of the province’s production forests. This high degradation rate was caused by illegal logging, lack of land rehabilitation and protection activities, lack of sustainable income sources, lack of public awareness of multiple forest functions and poor forest law enforcement.

The project aims to contribute to the sustainable management of tropical forests in the province of Bengkulu through rehabilitation of degraded forest lands with promising indigenous species. The rehabilitation of degraded forest lands, which is the main activity of the project, will be carried out by local communities in the project site. The specific objectives of the project are: (i) to implement suitable technology for the production of high quality planting materials of locally adapted species for plantations; and (ii) to improve stakeholders’ involvement and community development through successful plantations of local indigenous species. The project will hold consultations with local communities to mobilize their participation in many project activities and carry out extension services to improve institutional capacity, community awareness and coordination for SFM in the province. Expected outputs of the project are: (i) seed sources of indigenous species identified and suitable technology for seeds collection and processing developed; (ii) technical guidelines for forest plantation with the selected species developed and disseminated; (iii) high quality planting materials produced and distributed; and (iv) community-based forest plantation models developed.

The sustainable management requires the availability and control of related statistical and geographical information. The forest sector of Togo is characterized by a lack of geo-spatial organization and insufficiently reliable data. This represents a barrier to the planning and forestry development. Therefore, it is important for Togo to organize and improve information on the forestry sector.

This project aims to contribute to the optimization of forestry potential and sustainable management of forest areas in Togo. It specifically intends to improve the management of forest geo-spatial information in Togo.

Expected outputs are:

• The collection and processing of forest sector data are based on the use of modern equipment and methodology;
• Stakeholders trained in the use of forestry GIS do make use of the skills they have acquired; and
• A system of decentralized geo-spatial information management for forests is in place.

The main objective of the project is to promote the sustainable conservation management of the Betung Kerihun National Park (BKNP), which was established in 1992 through the Ministerial Decree and was enlarged to 800,000 ha, in the context of transboundary ecosystem management between Indonesia and Malaysia (Sarawak). The project builds on the outcomes of ITTO Project PD 26/93 Rev.1 (F) “Development of Betung Kerihun Nature Reserve as a National Park, Phase I” and PD 44/00 Rev.3 (F) “Implementation of a Community-Based Transboundary Management Plan for the Betung Kerihun National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, Phase II”. Although much progress had been made through the previous projects, the BKNP management as a transboundary conservation area (TBCA) is still facing several challenges. There is a growing recognition that effective strategies to conserve biodiversity requires more strong transboundary cooperation between the countries in relation to shared ecosystems and other conservation concerns.

The proposed strategies and activities of the project are in line with transboundary conservation areas cooperation with the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary (LEWS) and the Batang Ai National Park (BANP) in Sarawak sites which are adjacent to BKNP in Indonesia. The project will be implemented by BKNP in collaboration with many stakeholders including WWF-Indonesia in order to ensure the conservation of the integrity of BKNP’s biodiversity values. The project activities include establishing a joint task force for the efficient implementation of TBCA with the participation of representatives from LEWS and BANP. The expected outputs of the project are: (1) Cooperation between Indonesia and Malaysia for the conservation of transboundary ecosystems between BKNP and BANP/LEWS is maintained/strengthened; (2) Operational plan on biodiversity conservation of transboundary ecosystems is formulated; (3) Sustainable livelihoods of the local communities within and surrounding BKNP are improved; 4) Community-based conservation, management and monitoring systems are well established; (5) Community-based carbon and biodiversity conservation project design document (REDD+ project) is developed.

The ITTO-funded project entitled “Transboundary Biodiversity Conservation – The Pulong Tau National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia” is the second keystone biodiversity conservation project in Sarawak after the Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary project. However, the establishment and management of buffer zones in national parks and wildlife sanctuaries has been weak as currently Sarawak’s National Parks and Nature Reserves Ordinance (1998) and Wild Life Protection Ordinance (1998) do not provide for any guidance. Except where special privileges are granted, local populations are normally not permitted to use resources from totally protected forests. As rapid economic development activities continue to expand into rural areas causing more natural forests to be disturbed, nature conservation will be more challenging as resource-rich totally protected forests may become vulnerable to illegal encroachment. Having buffer zones for totally protected areas will help to address these issues.

Specifically, the project will facilitate the establishment of 6,000 ha of the buffer zone, and securing a forest base to meet the communities’ needs. This project will study the multiple functions of buffer zones for environmental services like watershed protection, biodiversity conservation and research, and communal use. Guidelines for buffer zone management will be developed and submitted to the State Government for consideration. The project’s outputs and activities will involve baseline surveys to determine the buffer zone’s resources for integrated management, assessing local subsistence needs and how the buffer zone will be able to provide these needs. Local involvement in management will include development of non-timber forest products or NTFP, handicrafts and ecotourism, for which training will be given. The project objectives and outputs will be met through integrated buffer zone management, training, and active involvement of primary and secondary stakeholders. The project will be sustained by Forest Department Sarawak (FDS) through its Community Service Initiative Unit (CSIU).

This multi-dimensional project intends to contribute to the sustained socio-economic development and environmental protection in the Biakoye area in Ghana’s Volta Region. Its specific objective is to initiate a participatory, poverty alleviation approach (innovative value adding cassava processing and sale) to bring about sustainable forest enrichment and plantation development using tropical timber species in mixed stands and exotic teak (for timber and poles) and Cassia siamea (for fuel wood) in pure stands at selected sites in the Biakoye District Assembly area of Ghana’s Volta Region.

Expected outputs are:

• Youth groups of the six (6) pilot project communities in collaboration with their respective land-owners (according to a written arrangement within the context of a thriving local network that ensures sustainability of functions) have established and are managing six (6) mixed plantation demonstration plots of popular, indigenous, and commercial trees of Emire, Ofram, Dodowa Sofo, Onyina, Papao, Wawa, and West African Mahogany species (50 acres -20 hectares in the aggregate);
• Youth groups of the six (6) target communities through similar collaborative arrangements as in output one (1) have established and are managing thriving individual youth member demonstration pure stand plantations of commercial teak(for timber and poles) and commercial Cassia siamea (for fuel-wood) 50 acres; and
• Youth groups of the six (6) target communities through similar collaborative arrangements as in outputs one (1) and two (2) have established individually cultivated cassava farms (20 acres -8Ha in aggregate) and have developed and are sustainably managing innovative, small-scale demand-driven local cassava processing system (of beneficiary-cultivated cassava tubers) to add extra market value.

Guatemala and Mexico share the Tacaná Volcano border area which straddles the Department of San Marcos and the State of Chiapas respectively, an area in the Mesoamerican Biodiversity Corridor, featuring biological richness and ecotourism potential although most of the population lives in poverty, using natural resources unsustainably. An initiative was developed for sustainable development in the protected areas of the Tacaná Volcano border area, based on coordinated actions, a study of the situation and various exchanges between regional representatives of Mexican and Guatemalan Government institutions, civil society and the Swiss organization HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation.

The objective of the project is to contribute to improving living standards for 28,000 people in both countries, based on the conservation and sustainable use of local natural resources. More specifically, it will launch a participatory process for natural resource and biodiversity management, conservation and use in the Tacaná Volcano and its range of influence in Guatemala and Mexico. The project begins with an initial two-year phase to establish the foundations of joint work with the community, men and women, with pilot activities including forest management, diversification of economic opportunities, upgrade of the legal framework of Protected Areas and enhancement of collaboration between both countries.
Expected outputs are as follows:

• Pilot areas for restoration or conservation have been established in a participatory manner;
• Pilot projects identified and established with the community, to enhance local livelihood, including: ecotourism, agro-forestry and livestock-forestry systems;
• The technical and legal framework for integrated management in Tacaná Volcano has been updated; and
• Local communities, Municipal Councils and public bodies share information, take decisions by consensus and are actively involved in the Guatemala – Mexico Binational Cooperation.

Illegal forest activities resulting in deforestation and forest degradation are major obstacles for sustainable forest management in Cambodia. The underlying causes of illegal activities are complex and often reflect fundamental problems in forest legislation and regulations and limited institutional capacities to combat such illegal activities. A platform of forest law enforcement and governance has been established in the country with support of many partners including ITTO. In order to address illegal forest activities, there is a continued need for stronger capacity building programmes in the country.

The proposed project is aimed specifically at strengthening forest law enforcement in the Permanent Forest Estates (PES) of Mondulkiri and Kratie Provinces which have been suffered with inadequate capacities in controlling illegal forest activities although the two provinces are among the richest in terms of forest resources. Its development objective is to contribute to SFM through suppression of illegal forest activities on PFEs with a particular focus on the improved capacity of Mondulkiri and Kratie Provinces in forest law enforcement and governance. The project’s expected outputs are: i) enhanced operational capacity of Forestry Administration in enforcing forest laws in the PFEs of Mondulkiri and Kratie provinces; ii) increased support of local communities to law enforcement initiative of Forestry Administration; and iii) promoted collaboration between Forestry Administration and stakeholders.

Ramsar Sites 1017 and 1018 in Benin are dotted with pockets of sacred forests with a very rich biodiversity, representing a natural heritage of great value from their multiple biological, ecological and socio-economic functions. These sacred forests constitute an endogenous form of biodiversity conservation and play a crucial role in the lives of local people. Currently these forest areas are subject to severe degradation that threatens the entire ecosystem of these Ramsar Sites and therefore the livelihoods of local people. The information and data needed to develop a program of rehabilitation and sustainable management of these sites are currently lacking. This pre-project aims to gather the necessary information and data required for the preparation of a project dealing with the rehabilitation and sustainable management of sacred forests.

The development objective is to contribute to the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity in Benin by building the capacity of local communities to improve their living conditions. The specific objective of the pre-project is to evaluate the potential of sacred forests located in the 1017 and 1018 Ramsar Sites in order to formulate a project to support the rehabilitation and sustainable management of these forests.

Expected outputs are:

• Baseline information on the sacred forests (SFs) of the target Ramsar Sites is available; and
• A project proposal to support the rehabilitation and sustainable management of Sacred Forests within Ramsar sites 1017 and 1018, in Benin, is formulated and submitted to the ITTO Project Cycle.

This project, which is an output of pre-project PPD 138/07 Rev.1 (M) “Verifying the legality of timber forest products in Peru”, will be implemented involving small and medium timber producing enterprises (SMEs), including native communities and forest concessions in Madre de Dios and Ucayali, as well as timber processing and marketing SMEs located in the two aforementioned regions as well as in Lima and Arequipa. The project will promote the use of timber sourced from forests under sustainable forest management, with the aim of enhancing the transparency of timber marketing and improving forest governance in the Peruvian Amazon region through the participation of indigenous peoples and small and medium enterprises as key stakeholders in the conservation of forests.

In addition, the project will build capacity amongst of farmers, technical personnel and other administrative and executive staff in the management of forest businesses. It will also develop and propose a traceability system which will enable producers to certify the legal origin of marketed timber. The volume of timber harvested from sustainable sources will be increased and guaranteed through a forest certification process and, upon project completion, a timber traceability model will be developed and implemented by the SMEs in the regions of Ucayali, Madre de Dios, Lima and Arequipa.

Statistics play an important part in the process of sustainable forest resources management. In Benin, there is no effective national system for collecting and managing information. The public and private structures responsible for the collection and management of forestry statistics so far have been operating in disarray. They have devoted considerable effort in producing information about the sector. Existing information is mostly unreliable, dispersed, or incomplete. It reflects temporary solutions to internal problems in each of the structures and does not fit into any long term vision. One of the urgent challenges facing the forestry administration and other stakeholders is to establish a national system capable of producing reliable statistical information in a timely fashion. It is within this framework that this project has been developed. It aims to establish a national information and statistics management system for the sustainable management of forest resources. It will be implemented in a participatory way focusing on: (i) establishing a mechanism for consultation and coordination of the different structures for the collection and management of forestry statistics, (ii) developing and implementing reliable methods for collecting data, and (iii) establishing a modern and functional forest statistics management system. In implementing the project, particular emphasis will be placed on awareness-raising and capacity building for all stakeholders.

This project proposal is the output of the Pre-project PPD 114/05 Rev.1 (F) “Demonstration of Integrated Models for Sustainable Management of Mangrove in China” that has recently been completed. The pre-project documented the problems facing mangrove resource management in China including high dependency of local communities on mangrove as a source of income, insufficient protection and conservation measures put in place and the lack of institutional as well as human resource capacity to manage mangrove sustainably which have put mangrove resources in the tropical China under serious threat.

This project aims to contribute to the sustainable management of mangroves in China through local capacity building and community development. Its specific objectives are: i) to enhance capacity of the local forestry institutions in mangrove management; and ii) to reduce community reliance on mangrove resources as a source of income by introducing suitable income generating activities. The expected outputs of the project are:

• Mangrove management plans for the model forest formulated and adopted;
• Managers and staffs of the forestry institutions and government authorities trained in mangrove management skills;
• Effective mangrove management policy formulated and adopted and a decision support system developed and operational;
• Suitable income generating activities identified and promoted; and
• Public awareness raised on the importance of mangrove ecosystem.

The potential of forestry-related Clean Development Mechanism (CDM-Forestry) in western Africa is very significant as large areas of the region’s forests have been degraded via over-aggressive, non-sustainable logging practices, slash-and-burn agricultural practices, and conversion of forests to alternative crops such as cocoa, and are so, therefore, eligible for CDM reforestation projects. Therefore, the relevance to develop the capacity to conduct CDM-Forestry projects with a strong poverty-alleviation component.

The project intends to develop the capacity for CDM-Forestry in Ghana via a community rehabilitation of Ghana’s degraded forests targeted at poverty alleviation in conjunction with sustainable forest management (SFM), and by involving the private sector and native communities. The specific objective of the project is to improve capacity for CDM-Forestry in Ghana via a community forest targeted at poverty alleviation in conjunction with SFM.

Expected outputs are:

• Carbon stocks of the current OCAP 450 ha project will be determined using GPS-supported comprehensive and complete measurement of all trees in the project;
• Mass spectrophotometric analysis will be done on wood samples from up to 5 trees each of the 19 tree species planted;
• A degraded forest (450 ha) will be reforested with the OCAP model using highly productive timber species;
• Comprehensive socioeconomic studies will be conducted in the communities involved in the project;
• Capacity to conduct CDM forestry will be built with post graduate training of Ghanian students; and
• Community-based CDM forestry methodology will be developed for the OCAP project.

In 2003, the Chinese Government commenced the collective forest land tenure reform to facilitate forest resource restoration and rural economy development though securing farmers’ rights to use forest lands and their property rights of forest lands. Based on this reform, the ‘household contact responsibility system’ has been replicated as one of the major management systems in forest management. Farmers are motivated to participate in reforestation and forest management activities in tropical zone of Southwestern China as one of the responsibility parties in forest management. However, it is clear that lack of appropriate techniques for household reforestation has become a key constraint for forest resource restoration and management in Southwestern China after the implementation of the collective forest land tenure reform.

The project intends to develop and extend ‘Household-Oriented Reforestation Techniques (HORT)’, as a way to promote reforestation and rural development in tropical mountainous areas of Southwestern China. Specifically, HORT will be developed through close cooperation between the forestry research institute and local households, and transferred to households through establishment and capacity building of grassroot networks for the technique extension and information services. The immediate beneficiaries of the project outcomes will be household engaged reforestation and plantations management. They would mostly benefit from practical techniques and relevant information and training on tropical reforestation and sustainable forest management. The project will also help the local government in the formulation of forest policies and implementation of field activities for reforestation in mountainous rural areas.

Mahogany (Meliaceae: Swietenidae) is a valuable tropical timber, but continued supply is threatened by overexploitation of natural forest reserves and the prevention of successful plantation culture by a single pest species, the shoot boring moth Hypsipyla robusta, that devastates young stands by killing main stems, causing excessive forking and branching, and, in worst cases, contributing to mortality. This project will demonstrate an integrated management strategy for plantation establishment incorporating a number of pest management measures based on sound experimental evaluation. This second phase will refine the silvicultural “tool kit” to optimized planting in mixed stands with an aim to reducing economic losses from Hypsipyla, and will promote the establishment of additional industry and community plantations through the development of a ‘‘How to” cultivate indigenous mahogany practical handbook and a series of field workshops for industry foresters and community farmers. Also comparable information on wood quality and lumber characteristics of plantation-grown mahogany and natural forest mahogany will be made available.

The following outputs are expected:

• Practical methods for mass production of selected superior Hypsipyla-tolerant (upright growing and straight-stem) clones of the seven indigenous mahoganies of Ghana developed;
• Three hectares of new seed production orchards established for each Khaya and Entandrophragma species and convert approximately 5 ha of existing provenance trials to seed orchards with the 7 major indigenous mahoganies across the 4 major ecological zones of Ghana;
• Our silvicultural “tool kit” refined to optimize planting of mixed stands in the 4 major ecological zones (including pruning, thinning, shade and use of weaver ants as biological control agents);
• Wood quality and lumber properties from mature plantation-grown indigenous mahoganies that suffered Hypsipyla attacked at younger age are examined;
• Socioeconomic impacts of integrated agroforestry plantations of mixed mahoganies with various short-term crops are determined; and
• A practical “how to cultivate mahogany in plantations” manual is produced.

The overall objective of this project is to contribute to the conservation of threatened species through the promotion of up-dating ecological and biological data and conservation efforts as part of Target 2010 of Global Biodiversity Challenge. Specifically, the project is designed: (i) to identify and observe the vulnerability status of forest tree species currently threatened by various disturbances and (ii) to initiate and promote field actions in the conservation and protection of selected threatened species. Species to be included in the project work are Diospyros spp, Eusideroxylon zwageri, Gonystylus macrophyllus, Michelia spp and selected Shorea spp in line with the recommendations of a workshop held by World Conservation Monitoring Center (WCMC)-UNEP in Kuala Lumpur in 2007.

The project will be implemented by the Center for Forest and Nature Conservation Research and Development – FORDA, Ministry of Forestry and its main activities include reviewing the current status of forest tree species currently threatened by habitat; national workshops to review conservation status of selected forest tree species, including genetic resources; and establishment of plant genetic conservation gardens for selected species.

The expected outputs of the project include: (i) update of data and information on conservation and protection status of tree species, (ii) information on the level of genetic diversity and vulnerability of threatened species and (iii) establishment of plant genetic conservation garden (gene pool) to ensure the conservation of target species and improved local stakeholder capacity.

The objective of the project is to create a model reforestation framework that encourages customary landowners in the Central Province lowlands to grow high value trees on their grasslands. The successful implementation of the project will lead to the expansion of long-term social, environmental and economic benefits for landowners in the Central Province lowlands through development of reforestation enterprises to promote an appropriate set of business models and production systems.

At present, grassland areas are extensive and increasing in size in PNG. Population densities are also rising and incomes levels are generally low. Importantly, these grassland areas are well linked to the national, provincial and district capitals. Based on the findings of implementing pre-project (PPD 124/06 Rev.2 (F)) which identified the key factors restraining landowners from growing high value trees as limited access to awareness as well as lack of training and support services, in close cooperation with local communities in the Central Province the project will be managed and sustained by the PNG Forest Authority and selected research and development partners will play a role in a way that builds on existing policies, programmes, resources and practices. Teak (Tectona grandis) will be a focal species to be promoted through a range of model business arrangements and production systems.

The expected outputs of the project include:

• A reforestation awareness programme is in operation for landowners and the wider community in Central Province;
• A business training & support package is in operation for small-scale reforestation enterprises;
• An agro-forestry training & support package is in operation for small-scale reforestation enterprises; and
• A distribution system is in operation for small-scale reforestation enterprises with agro-forestry stock and materials.

The tropical cyclone 'Nargis' severely hit the lower parts of Myanmar, mainly Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions on the 2nd and 3rd of May 2008 claiming many lives and causing enormous destruction to infrastructure, villages, plantations and forests including food supplies. Out of a total of 0.5 million ha of Permanent Forest Estate (PFE) i.e. Reserved Forests and Protected Area Systems (PAS) in Ayeyarwady delta, about 14,000 ha of mangrove forests and 21,000 ha of forest plantations were damaged by the cyclone. The cyclone Nargis seriously affected the forestry sector, causing direct impact on mangrove forests and indirect impact on mangrove ecosystems. Thereby resulted in loss of habitats of aquatic species, decrease in fishery and agricultural products and seriously damage the infrastructure. As it was about a year ago, however there is no comprehensive information package which is entirely documented to review all activities done by different institutions. Based on the situation, Forest Department has been requested to conduct the environmental impact assessment of Nargis cyclone, and to implement restoration and rehabilitation activities as well as to establish a master plan of mangrove forest management. In order to do that, it is crucial to conduct an overall assessment through transparent discussion among stakeholders and institutions.

This pre-project will conduct a baseline survey for all actions of rehabilitation by international organizations, NGOs, companies and private entrepreneurs. The planned activities are to collect all available data and information on policy, programme activities that had been undertaken by concerned institutions. Focus of the pre-project activities will include the formulation of a full project proposal to facilitate integrated mangrove ecosystem management in Ayeyarwady Delta through a series of intensive key stakeholder consultation meetings.

This project embraces the industrial production chain of wood flooring, with activities directed to forest management, manufacture process and, product utilization. Its Development Objective is to contribute to the sustainable and adequate utilization of forest resources from the Brazilian tropical forest. The Specific Objective aims to increase the efficiency in forest resources utilization by the production chain of solid wood flooring, from the forest to the final product, integrating extraction and utilization of commercial and less used timber species, improving drying and manufacture processes, adding value and quality to the product, promoting residues utilization, and providing social benefits to industry employees.

The project will be executed in collaboration with several Brazilian research institutions and universities. Expected outputs include a more diversified forest exploration; improvements in manufacture process, reducing residues generation, setting a flooring quality standard; and establishing a Quality Certification Program for wood flooring.

Even though secondary and residual primary forests contain potentially commercial timber trees, they are scarcely used or used without reference to sustainability criteria. Some reasons are the lack of technological studies to determine their potential uses, the lack of industrial secondary processes to generate higher value-added and to maximise their raw material yield. This will be the focus of the project.

As for development objective the project will contribute to the SFM by promoting timber resources from secondary and remaining primary forests and thus reducing the pressure on primary forests by fostering rehabilitation and enrichment of secondary forests. For achieving the above 2 specific objectives will be targeted:

• To carry out technological studies to determine the suitability of timber species frequently and abundantly found in secondary forests (SF) and residual primary forests (RPF) of the Peruvian Amazon; and
• To determine the marketing potential and niches for SF and RPF timber species, according to their technological properties.

The pre-selected species based on the criteria of abundance in SF and RPF are: Auca atadijo, Bolaina, Marupa, Pashaco, Huamanzamana, Peine de mono, Sangre de grado, Hualaja, Topa, Ana caspi, Mashonaste, Caimitillo, Almendro, and Capirona. The selection of the species will be refined in consultation with the concession holders in a participatory manner.

Expected outputs include:

• New timber species technologically characterised;
• Proposal of suitable conditions for primary processing;
• Diversification of products and study of value added prototypes;
• Business plans for timber products made from new SF and RPF species; and
• Dissemination, training and technical assistance programme for forest enterprise management.

The target beneficiaries of the project are Forest concession holders and Primary and secondary timber processors.

The results will be transferred to agricultural producers, concession holders, primary and secondary processing manufacturers, students from the National University of Ucayali and the Swiss Higher Institute of Technology, and the local scientific community.

The processing sector’s capacity to produce quality products needs urgent enhancement and there is a vital need for increased efficiency and sustainable utilization of forest resources. Enhanced capacity building in the forest sector along the industry value chain will encourage more efficient economic and sustainable utilization of the forest resource, thereby reducing wastage, damage to the environment, whilst maximizing the market potential of Guyana’s wood products. In order to tackle the central problem of illegal logging, inefficiency and sub-optimal value-added in the sector a multi-dimensioned approach will be taken to address the specific issues of forest policy and capacity building (particularly in areas of machinery, equipment and skills at the community level).

The Development Objective of the project is to raise the volume and quality of forest products through more efficiently and sustainably utilizing forest resources available to generate greater employment, increased foreign exchange earnings and to boost national and community development.

The specific objective is to upgrade the capacity of wood processing industry through development of strategic guidance and human capacity building.

Indonesia is blessed with a vast rubber wood resource. Around 30,8 million m3 rubber wood biomass, consisting of 13,5 million m3 saw logs and 17,3 million m3 small-sized wood, are potentially available for use by the forest industry every year through replacement of old rubber trees. To date, only around 22% of the saw log potential and a tiny portion of available small-sized wood that have been utilized.

This proposed project aimed at contributing to the alleviation of the timber deficit problem facing the national wood industry through promotion of the efficient utilization of rubber wood biomass. The development objective is to contribute to the lessening of wood raw material supply problem facing the national forest industry by utilizing the vast rubber wood available from sustainable sources.

The specific objective is to promote the utilization of rubber wood from sustainable sources.

Output 1: Interest in the utilization of rubber wood owned by big companies increased.
Output 2: Incentives for and capacity in the utilization of rubber wood from smallholding plantations improved.
Output 3: Government policy governing rubber wood resource utilization revised and enhanced.
Output 4: Investment in rubber wood utilization increased.
Output 5: Appropriate technologies available for the utilization of rubber wood from smallholding plantations.

The primary beneficiaries of the project are the wood industry and rubber growers. The secondary beneficiaries include the Ministries (Forestry, Agriculture, Trade, Industry), local government, universities and local NGOs.

Indonesia is a country with the second largest tropical forests across the globe. The total extent of forests under protection and conservation in Indonesia is about 23 million ha, consisting of national parks, nature reserve and recreation forests. The Meru Betiri National Park is located in the southern part of East Java, Indonesia and has a total area of approximately 58,000 ha which is rich in biological diversity across several landscapes with different vegetation types, such as highland vegetation, lowland and coastal vegetation, swamp and mangrove. However, this Park has faced serious threat causing degradation and reducing the value of its various ecosystem functions. The major causes of the threat (especially forest degradation) are illegal harvest and encroachment. The illegal harvest of timber and non-timber forest product from the Park are mostly due to poor law enforcement and lack of sustainable income sources. This situation, directly or indirectly, contributes to rapid degradation and deforestation in the Park.

This project is designed to contribute to conservation of tropical forests for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks through enhanced community participation in conservation and sustainable management of the Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP) as an integral part of the larger landscape in which they live. To this end, the project specifically intends: (1) to improve the livelihoods of local communities living inside and in the surrounding area of MBNP through participation in avoiding deforestation, degradation and biodiversity loss; and (2) to develop a credible measurable, reportable and verifiable system for monitoring emission reductions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhancing forest carbon stocks in MBNP. Expected outputs of the project include: Participation of community in conservation forest management improved; alternatives sources of income to improve the livelihoods of local communities living inside and in the surrounding area of MBNP developed; illegal logging and forest encroachment reduced and reported; capacity in resource base inventory and carbon accounting improved in measurable, reportable and verifiable form; report on comprehensive baseline data and estimation of emissions reduction and carbon enhancement of the national park prepared; and system for monitoring emission reduction and enhancement of carbon stocks established and validated.

The project also seeks to find partners to facilitate its implementation through Public-Private Partnership in conserving tropical forests for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD). The project results will be disseminated to relevant international societies and fora with a view to sharing lessons learned from this demonstration project and will be contributing to the implementation of the newly established ITTO Thematic Programme on “Reducing Deforestation and Forest Degradation and Enhancing Environmental Services”.

This project is a follow up to ITTO PD 25/96 Rev.2（M）”China’s Consumption of Forest Products and Its Demand for Them from the International Tropical Forest Products Market by the Year 2010”. At present China not only has become the largest importer of tropical logs in the world，but also is a global timber processing center and important exporter of tropical wood products. China plays an increasingly important role in the global processing and trading chain of tropical wood products. With the rapid development of the wood processing industries and housing starts, China‘s demand for tropical wood products will continue to increase and this will certainly affect world timber market. Therefore，it is of great significance to analyze and forecast future supply and demand of China’s tropical wood products. The project will give a whole picture of China’s demand and supply of tropical wood products by 2020 through in-depth investigations on productive capacity of tropical wood products processors and the end uses of imported tropical logs and consumer’s preference, and analysis of regulations and policies related to wood product trade. This project is aimed at providing reliable information on China’s tropical forest product markets which could be used as reference either by tropical log exporting countries in making market strategies or by domestic related authorities in making policy decisions, so as to promote close cooperation between ITTO producers and consumers and contribute to sustainable development of the global tropical wood product market.

This project will promote the sustainable management of the forest resources in the Chepigana Forest Reserve, with the goal of achieving social, economic and environmental sustainability in an important part of the corridor that stretches from Punta Patiño Nature Reserve through to Darien National Park.

Overall, the proposal envisages determining the volume of sustainable production of tropical forest timber in the Chepigana Forest Reserve, while critical forest assets are conserved and local quality of life is improved. More specifically, it intends to seek the production and commercialization of timber and non-timber forest products from the Chepigana Forest Reserve on the basis of environmental, economic and social sustainability, while simultaneously increasing conservation of forest values in the Bagre Highland Biological Corridor, which forms an integral part of the Chepigana Forest Reserve.

Major outputs include the development of an integrated management plan and other required planning tools for the Chepigana Forest Reserve; the training of locals in forest management and administration of the Chepigana Forest Reserve and its buffer zone; and the enhancement of sustainable natural resource management and sustainable development in Barge Highlands Biological Corridor and its buffer zone.

The Project is derived from the implementation of the Pre-Project PPD 130/06 Rev.1 (F) “Identification of a Project for the Regeneration and Management of Mangrove Forests Surrounding the Douala/Edea reserve, Department of Sanaga-Maritime, Cameroon”. Mangrove ecosystems in the Douala/Edea Reserve are under strong extractive pressure from local communities who seek to harvest their much sought-after wood, and also because of other inappropriate uses, notably slash-and-burn farming practices, harvesting of fuelwood and production of charcoal, and overexploitation of non-timber forest products.

The project objective is to ensure the sustainability of mangrove resources in order to improve the living conditions of surrounding communities. It specifically intends to contribute to the sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems around the Douala-Edéa Wildlife Reserve (RFDE) and associated watersheds.

The project expected outputs are as follows: the participatory management scheme for the mangrove ecosystem in the project area developed; and improved living standards for surrounding communities through the development of a local community economy having a low impact on mangrove ecosystems.

Through a dynamic and participatory process involving capacity-building for all stakeholders, the local communities established in and around the RFDE, together with those located in the adjoining watershed areas, will participate in the development of a management master-plan for the mangrove areas surrounding the RFDE. In parallel with this management master-plan development process, a number of pilot income-generating activities (IGAs) will be developed by these communities. These IGAs, having a lesser impact on the mangrove ecosystems will be proposed in order to better involve local forest communities and raise their interest in the conservation of mangrove ecosystems.

The project is a follow-up to a completed project on the utilization, collection and trade of non-wood forest products in the Philippines [PD 15/96 Rev.2 (M,I)] supported by the ITTO and implemented by FPRDI. Although the past project had generated valuable information and technologies which are used by the local communities, it was observed from the Ex-Post Evaluation of the project that important issues and problems need to be addressed to fully realize the economic benefits from non-timber forest products (NTFP) by the rural communities and the sustainable use of the resource. An extensive review of literature also shows that there is little information on resource availability, regeneration, extraction rate, processing and marketing of NTFP to support the handicraft industry.

The project will address the recommendations from the completed project, the Ex-Post Evaluation and the results of the review of literature, will generate more information on the availability, regenerative growth, extraction intensity, processing and marketing of selected NTFP in the project areas in Quezon Province and Camarines Norte. It will conduct training seminars to upgrade the skills and productivity of NTFP extractors and handicraft workers and producers. It will organize and assist small handicraft producers groups to strengthen their production and marketing capabilities. It will establish data/information on gender roles or sensitivity in extraction, processing and marketing of NTFP and handicraft products.

The present project will support the reestablishment of forest education activities for middle level forestry technicians of the Forestry Training Institute (FTI) located in Tubmanburg. The project deals with the establishment of a functional curriculum, the training of trainers and immediate practical training of the currently registered students in the FTI. In addition, the project will support a national working group that conducts a strategic process on forest education in Liberia as a whole.

The Project’s Development Objective is to “Secure trained and skilled manpower for the sustainable forest management, conservation and for development of forest industry in Liberia”. The Specific Objectives are:

• Provide immediate support to reestablish functional education in the Forestry Training Institute; and
• Develop strategic long-term planning for forest education in Liberia, with particular reference to the institutional sustainability.

The target beneficiaries are the students and teachers of the Forestry Training Institute. The FDA and the Ministry of Education are also direct beneficiaries through receiving the results of the strategic work conducted by the national working group on forest education. Indirect target beneficiaries are the Forest Development Authority, Private sector forest management companies, Forest industries, NGOs and Forest-dependent communities.

This project proposal is the outcome of Pre-project PPD 30/01 Rev.1 (F): “The Study and Demonstration of the Management of Secondary Forests in Tropical Regions for the Purpose of Enhancing Economic and Ecological Benefits” which documented the decade-long neglect of Chinese tropical secondary forests (TSF) due to the perceived low economic and ecological value.

This project is aimed at accelerating sustainable forest management by better management of the secondary tropical forests in China. Its specific objectives are: a) to establish demonstration forests in two selected provinces for the study and demonstration of management of TSF including planted trees and non-timber forest products and b) to train forestry staff and villagers in TSF rehabilitation techniques and to publish and disseminate the project results.

The expected outputs of the project are:

• Fifty superior timber, rattan and medicinal plant species selected and trial planted;
• Nurseries established and operational;
• TSF management models and demonstration plots of plantation established on 4,263 Ha. of land area in two provinces;
• One hundred government staff and villagers trained in TSF rehabilitation techniques; and
• TSF management techniques published and disseminated.

The aim of this proposal is to contribute to sustainable forest management taking into account market requirements related to the origin and sustainability of Peruvian timber. The activities in this proposal will strengthen voluntary chain-of-custody networks and generate competitive forest products on the basis of socially and environmentally sound practices. To this end, it is necessary to evaluate the current status of the timber production chain so as to propose validated instruments that will help develop trust between producers and consumers with the common objective of ensuring the conservation and sustainable management of tropical forests in Peru. The socially and environmentally friendly production processes identified and tested will generate quality employment that will help alleviate poverty and poverty and will reverse, in the long term, the human pressures that are currently causing the degradation of biodiversity.

As part of a total programme to improve the access to information on the 7000 useful plants of Tropical Africa and to promote their use in a sustainable manner, PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) will make a synthesis of all existing but dispersed knowledge on the estimated 1070 ‘Timbers of Tropical Africa’ (Commodity group 7) in two Parts.

This document is a follow-up project on the 570 ‘Timbers of Tropical Africa’ from currently less important timber-producing taxonomic families (Commodity group 7(2)). It is preceded by a project on the 500 ‘Timbers of Tropical Africa’ from the currently more important timber-producing taxonomic families (Commodity group 7(1); ITTO Project PD 264/04 Rev. 3 (M,I)).

PROTA is strongly rooted in the group that successfully delivered the ITTO-funded PROSEA ‘Timber trees’ Handbook volumes.

Most tropical forests with bamboo stands, particularly those in easily accessible areas of the north western region of the country where a high percentage of the local communities live in poverty conditions, are rapidly being degraded due to unplanned and uncontrolled overexploitation and other demographic pressures. It is therefore paramount to seek and implement alternative sustainable activities before these resources are irremediably depleted.

As such, this project envisages reducing the tropical forest degradation and simultaneously improving the socioeconomic conditions of extremely poor rural communities, as well as their environmental quality, in the aforementioned region. More specifically, it aims to ensure the rehabilitation and sustainable management of degraded or endangered tropical forests with bamboo stands and to effectively contribute to poverty alleviation in an area with a high level of unmet basic needs and hence with a high level of deforestation (185,000 ha/year) in Peru. The native communities and poor rural populations are to be the main beneficiaries of this project, as their income levels will increase through the sale of sustainably harvested and used products.

Demonstration plots will be selected and established through a broad-based participatory process in order to provide training to poverty-stricken rural communities in intermediate techniques for the rehabilitation and management of forests with bamboo stands, the implementation of forest nurseries, and the establishment of plantations, particularly in protection areas of highland forests in the region. A pilot centre will be established for the handcrafted manufacturing of bamboo products of competitive commercial quality by local communities participating in the respective production chains.

Major outputs expected are as follows:

• Local populations (250 people) trained in intermediate techniques for the rehabilitation, management and sustainable utilisation of forests with bamboo stands;
• 200 ha of tropical bamboo forests rehabilitated and sustainably managed; and
• 4 rural communities (2000 people) actively involved in and economically benefiting from an equal number of bamboo production and marketing chains.

This project derives from the implementation of ITTO-financed Pre-Project PPD 72/03 Rev.1 (F) “Technical Assistance for the Development of a Project Proposal on Institutional Strengthening for Forest Fire Prevention, Mitigation and Management in the Natural and Planted Forests of Panama”, whose objective was to formulate a project to provide for institutional strengthening to prevent, mitigate and manage forest fires in the natural and planted forests of Panama.

Overall, this project aims at strengthening the capacities of ANAM, the National Commission for Forest Fire Prevention, Management and Control, local groups and community grassroots organisations, in integrated forest fire management applicable to the tropical forests of Panama. More specifically, it intends to achieve integrated fire management practices with the participation of communities and other national stakeholders in three pilot areas with high forest fire incidence.

Major outputs expected are as follows:

• Project’s installed capacity established and integrated fire management activities implemented and monitored; and
• Personnel from target communities in pilot areas and officers from relevant institutions in the field trained on integrated fire management.

Sandalwood is a fancy tree species of East Nusa Tenggara that has contributed significantly to the economy of the province for decades. However, the resource is being rapidly depleted due mainly to over harvesting and ineffective policy framework governing its management. This project aims to contribute to the sustainable management of sandalwood resource in East Nusa Tenggara Province. Its specific objectives are: i) to strengthen the enabling conditions for sustainable management of sandalwood resource; and ii) to improve local capacity for managing sandalwood resource.

The expected outputs of the project are:

 Effective policy on sandalwood management at District level formulated and endorsed by the District Government Executive;
 Suitable economic incentive framework to support sustainable management of sandalwood resource developed;
 Forestry staffs and community leaders trained in planning, silvicultural techniques and efficient utilization of sandalwood resource;
 Stakeholder consultation forum for sustainable management of sandalwood resource established and operational;
 Information system of sandalwood resource developed and operational; and
 Community awareness raised on sustainable management of sandalwood resource.

Liberian forests have suffered extremely from more than 14 years of prolonged civil conflict that led to great loss of life, economic collapse, mass migration and internal displacement as well as destruction of much of the country’s infrastructure. However, since the year 2004, Liberia is reconstructing its social, political, economic and ecological environment. Forests have to play a crucial role in this period of rebuilding a functional Nation. In this post-conflict period, social, economic and political changes have created expectations that will present new challenges to a still weak forestry administration and other stakeholders in the sector. To meet these challenges and avoid problems of the past, it will require policy and strategy reforms across the forest sector, consistent with the 3C-Approach (Commercially-based, Conservation-oriented and Community-involvement), which is based on the three pillars of sustainable forest management (SFM): economic, ecological and social sustainability. International support thus is crucial to rebuild a viable forest sector that meets the expectation as a driving force for sustainable development in the country.

The project objective is to develop forest plantations and forest restoration as an effective tool for the conservation and sustainable management of the Liberia’s forest and wildlife resources, to maintain environmental quality and improve the flow of benefits to all segments of society. The project specific objectives are twofold: (1) Develop a national reforestation policy and afforestation strategy consistent with the National Forestry Reform Law; and (2) Develop knowledge, expertise and capability of the Forest Development Authority and other stakeholders to assess, monitor and plan forest plantation and forest restoration activities in the country.

The expected project outputs are as follows:

• All existing forestry plantations are assessed and timber volume and qualitative data per area interpreted;
• Suitable sites for reforestation and afforestation, as well as forest restoration identified;
• The potential of CDM A/R and forest restoration in REDD assessed;
• A draft policy for enrichment planting and reforestation activities to be applied in areas of Timber Sales Contracts and Forest Management Contracts developed;
• Preliminary results of assessments, policies and strategies, widely consulted with forest stakeholders;
• Draft reforestation policy and an afforestation strategy based on the results of Outputs 1.1. – 1.5 elaborated;
• A core team of technicians has been trained in the assessment and implementation of reforestation and afforestation;
• A series of technical workshops has been conducted to train FDA staff and stakeholders from NGOs and private sector in forest restoration, reforestation and afforestation; and
• Community dwellers and local NGOs involved in the development of community forestry have been trained in practical aspects in forest restoration, afforestation and agroforestry.

Thailand has not established a comprehensive system of Criteria and Indicators (C&I) comprising a national set of C&I applicable in tropical forestry context, an adequate tracking/ change of custody (COC) system for monitoring of timber flows, an auditing system and adequate trained personnel which is evidence of the lack of key tools to implement sustainable forest management in the country.

This project aims to improve availability of timber and non-timber forest products (NTFP) from sustainable and legal sources through establishment of a comprehensive system of criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. The expected outputs of the project are:

 National C & I and standards of performance for SFM developed, tested and adopted;
 National tracking/COC system developed, tested and adopted;
 Auditing system for C & I/standards of performance and COC/timber tracking developed, tested and adopted; and
 Adequate personnel trained on auditing C & I/standards of performance and COC.

Forests in India are crucial in supporting the livelihoods of millions of the rural population as they provide various non-timber forest products including fodder. However, instances of success stories of fodder cultivation have been sporadic and there has been no mainstreaming of various government schemes. Degradation of fodder value and increase of the number of livestock have resulted in overgrazing and further degradation of forest areas in the country.

The development objective of this pre-project is to contribute towards sustainable forest management by promoting integrated grazing management practices that are socially acceptable and ecologically sound. The pre-project proposes to undertake an assessment of grazing and livestock-related issues in seven agro-ecological zones covering approximately 20 percent of the total forest cover/area of the country and 30 percent of the total livestock population. The expected outputs of the pre-project include: policy and program analysis report; establishing multi stakeholders’ platforms for knowledge and sharing/dialogue; developing baseline information; formulation of a comprehensive project proposal on integrated grazing management. The lessons from the pilot project will further provide directions towards developing a national integrated grazing policy for the country.

The Development Objective of the project would be Improved decision-making on forest management at national, regional, provincial, sub-district and forest management unit (FMU) levels. The Specific Objective would be Strengthening of the National Forest Information System (NFIS). The objective of the Pre-Project is to elaborate a road map and its elements for the strengthening of the NFIS. The outputs of the Pre-Project are (i) a feasibility study elaborated for the the strengthening of the NFIS with an action plan for priority activities, and (ii) a project proposal for ITTO elaborated concerning selected relevant components of the action plan. The Pre-Project involves broad participation of the stakeholders through thematic working groups, national and regional level workshops, and participation in the Pre-Project Steering Group.

This project proposal is the main outcome of the Pre-project PPD 65/02 Rev.1 (F): “Management and Conservation of Forests Seeds”. The pre-project had carried out surveys in order to assess the situation regarding the viability of a seed center and the cost-effectiveness of establishing a Forest Seed Center in Côte d’Ivoire.

Côte d'Ivoire has seen its forest devastated in the matter of a few years due to extensive agriculture development. To regenerate this forest has become an imperative for the country. One of the basic requirements to ensure the success of the reforestation efforts is the availability of the seeds of high quality. Since its creation in 1966, SODEFOR is facing this problem of availability of good quality seeds in sufficient quantity for its reforestation activities in Côte d’Ivoire.

The overall aim of the project is to contribute to the sustainable rehabilitation of Cote d’Ivoire’s forests by developing a seed supply system having the capacity to provide high-quality products to meet the needs of the national forest rehabilitation stakeholders. The specific objective is to produce and supply forest seeds from plant stock of high genetic quality.

The following outputs are expected:

• Two hundred forty-two hectares (242 ha) of new seed-producing plots are installed, one hundred seventy-four hectares (174 ha) of existing seed sources are developed and twenty-five hectares (25 ha) of seed-tree orchards are created;
• The infrastructure and equipment capacity for collecting, packaging, conserving, stocking, distributing, controlling and managing the forest seeds are reinforced; and
• The persons involved in forest seed production and management activities are trained in various areas regarding forest seed technology (seed collection, packaging, quality control, data management procedures).

Poverty is associated with the rural savannas and rural forest areas, where communities cannot afford to seek modern health care facilities but depend on medicinal plants for their health needs. Over 60% of the population in Ghana depends on plant parts for health delivery. This is because medicinal plants are of critical importance for poor communities, as even relatively cheap western medicines remain prohibitively expensive. The continued availability of many of these plants is in jeopardy. This situation calls for urgent action to develop alternative strategies to promote the production, utilization and conservation of medicinal plant species in general and threatened species in particular.

The developmental objective of this project is to develop conservation and sustainable utilization strategies for medicinal plant species within forest fringe communities of different ecological zones in Ghana. Specifically, it intends to document the distribution, utilization (endangered, common) and practice conservation for sustainable supply of medicinal plants from three different forest ecological zones in Ghana.

Expected outs are the following:

• Medicinal plant species in different ecological zones identified;
• Inventories of medicinal plant species in the three ecological zones in Ghana conducted and documented;
• Herbarium samples collected and preserved;
• Uses of identified medicinal plant species documented;
• In-situ conservation of medicinal plant species achieved;
• Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plant species achieved; and
• Communities trained in propagation, management and conservation measures.

The pre-project aims at contributing to the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of mountain biodiversity in the Centre-Nord Region of Togo in the goal to improve the living conditions and environment of local communities, and to secure for present and future generation sufficient natural resource in the perspective of the sustainable development of the country. It specifically intends to provide technical assistance for the development of a local community support project to conserve and sustainably manage mountain biodiversity in the Centre North Region of Togo.

Expected outputs of the pre-project are: forest, flora, wildlife, socio-economic and environmental impact data available for the project area; and a project to support local communities for the conservation and sustainable use of mountain biodiversity in the Centre North Region of Togo, formulated and submitted to ITTO for approval.

This project proposal is the output of PPD 128/06 Rev.1 (F) “Strengthening Capacity of Forest Law Enforcement and Governance in Cambodia” that has recently been completed. In order to control illegal logging, forest clearing and encroachment in Cambodia, the pre-project recommended that appropriate facilities and equipment should be in place with well qualified trained in all Forestry Administration offices.

The project aims to facilitate the implementation of the Government's policy platform in combating illegal logging, forest clearing and land encroachment through the improvement of capacity of human resources and the upgrading of operational means/equipment to ensure effective Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (FLEG) in Cambodia. In addition to staff members of the Forestry Administration, selected local communities will be provided in training in how an effective FLEG operation can benefit the community by protecting their interests in legal forest activities and ensure their access to legal forest and non-timber forest products.

The expected outputs of the project include: improved facilities and staff capabilities, effective monitoring and documentation of illegal forest activities, effective judicial processing, and effective extension of measures to all stakeholders. These outputs will contribute directly to the on-going capacity building program of the Forestry Administration of Cambodia as a high priority.

In the past 10 years, several initiatives have been implemented to improve policies and practices in Ghana’s forest industries sector and to enhance sustainable management and use of Ghana’s forest resources, including addressing the current weak forest law enforcement regime. However, illegal logging continues to be a major challenge in Ghana’s high forest zone. This is because the demand for timber from sawmills, furniture makers, builders and other wood users continues to exceed the sustainable annual allowable harvest from Ghana’s commercial forests. As a result of illegal logging, the quantity of logs currently being taken from Ghana’s forest reserves and off reserve areas is estimated to be at least four times the sustainable annual allowable harvest.

The purpose of the project is to further improve the sustainability of the forest management regime in Ghana by addressing the current weak forest control and law enforcement. This will be achieved by establishing a system for monitoring and validating legal timber in Ghana. The new system, which will build upon Ghana’s existing paper-based log tracking system, will be overseen and managed by an independent agency, at arms length from the Ghana Forestry Commission (GFC).

The project will contribute to transparency and accountability in the forest sector, and to the Government of Ghana’s strategy of improving public and private sector governance. It will also contribute to the goal of Ghana’s Natural Resource Management Programme (NRMP) and the institutional strengthening and policy reforms implemented over the past 10 years.

The project will enhance forest law enforcement in Ghana by:

• reviewing existing forest law enforcement mechanisms for effectiveness and adequacy, and implementing actions to address identified gaps;
• developing and implementing a cost-effective independent system for monitoring and validating legal timber in Ghana including a chain of custody system;
• creating an independent agency to manage and oversee the new system;
• establishing a database on log and timber flows to better assist in monitoring illegal activities;
• developing and implementing an industry code of conduct for legal forestry activities, consistent with the principles and guidelines of Forestry, Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT); and
• implementing training for key stakeholders to enhance their capacity in forest law enforcement.

Using external (international) and domestic (national) expertise, the major outputs of the project will be:

• a cost-effective, independent system for monitoring and validating legal timber in Ghana including a chain of custody verification system;
• an independent agency to manage and oversee the new system;
• a database on log and timber flows to assist in better monitoring of illegal activities;
• an industry code of conduct for legal forestry activities consistent with the principles and guidelines of Forestry, Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT); and
• enhanced capacity building for forest law enforcement.

The objective of this one year project is to train small scale community saw millers in commercial kiln drying techniques. Currently, an estimated 25% of Guyana’s total wood production is from small to medium community enterprises (SMEs) employing on average 5 to 10 people, and supplying mainly the domestic market with rough sawn green scantlings, although some of them export low value green dressed lumber to countries in the Caribbean (CARICOM) region.

The ITTO Diagnostic Mission of October, 2002 as well as other recent studies identified small scale community saw millers as a priority area for improving productivity, efficiency and quality value adding in Guyana’s forest products sector. Small scale community saw millers are also much more able to adopt new technology and ideas with minimal risk. In addition, relatively small investments are required to improve significantly value adding among these producers.

In view of the large and near intact forest resources (75% of the country is covered by forests), small scale community saw millers have the potential to become a significant supplier of high quality wood products to the CARICOM region. Current exports to CARICOM are small, (under 5% of their total production) because of community saw millers’ inability to dry wood to the quality standards and specifications required by international markets. The only drying which occurs is air drying, which takes a long time, leads to significant product degradation and is inefficient for supplying international markets. The project aims to address this problem by trialing commercial kiln drying of wood in three small scale community sawmilling regions as demonstration of the value adding and quality standards expected by international markets. It is expected that through these demonstration activities, the small scale community saw millers will understand and learn the quality requirements for exports to international markets.

The objectives of this 3 year project are to acquire technological knowledge on 10 native tropical timber species; to enhance their productivity and forest management; and to assess their commercial market potential.

Tropical forests in Mexico have a wide range of species that are lesser known in the international markets or even at the domestic markets. These species have market potential because of their colour, physical appearance, beauty and technological properties. However, no extensive and in-depth technological studies have been carried out to date in order to generate the necessary information to adequately use these species based on their characteristics and properties. As a result, these tropical timber species are currently under-utilised in Mexico, which leads to highly selective logging and eventually to deforestation and tropical forest fragmentation. The generation of scientific and technological knowledge on the proposed tropical timber species is considered to be an urgent need and an excellent opportunity to promote more profitable timber utilisation activities. Furthermore, it is also important to promote development and/or innovation as appropriate regarding the use of silvicultural management practices for each species so as to ensure the sustainable management of resources avoiding deterioration and enhancing their potential and use.

Also the project will identify market mechanisms and niches for both primary and processed products from these species so as to offer foresters viable and attractive alternatives for diversification and for increasing their possibilities for sustainable management. The information generated through the three lines of work envisaged in this proposal – technological characterisation, silvicultural management and marketing of 10 priority Mexican species – will be disseminated through a free electronic consultation platform known as the National Forest Information System, which is under the responsibility of the National Forestry Commission (CONAFOR).

This pre-project proposal is the revision of PD 447/07 (F) “Community-based Forest Management of Sungai Medihit Watershed” in accordance with the recommendations of the 33rd and the 34th Expert Panel. It aims to promote multiple-use forest management rezim in close cooperation with local forest owners and communities living in forest areas and dependent on forest resources. Its specific objective is to formulate a full project proposal to address the problems facing indigenous peoples and forest resources of the Sungai Medihit catchment area.

The expected outputs of the pre-project are:

• Problems facing the indigenous people identified;
• Problems facing the forest resources management identified;
• In close consultation with stakeholders, effective strategy to address the problems formulated based on socio-economic and biophysical conditions of the catchment area; and
• A full project proposal to implement the strategy formulated to address the problems facing the indigenous people and forest resources

The geographic area under native community ownership in Peru accounts for 17% of the country’s total forest area. However, these areas are currently affected by the impacts of illegal timber logging and trade and other negative factors that seriously threaten not only the conservation of the potential of these resources but also the survival of these indigenous peoples, who are amongst the poorest and most vulnerable communities in the country.

This proposal envisages contributing towards the sustainable development of Amazon indigenous peoples by outlining and implementing sustainable forest management strategies for the territories legally occupied by these communities and, more specifically, it is geared towards the participatory formulation of a project aimed at the development of sustainable community forest management in indigenous peoples’ territories of the Peruvian Amazon Region.

Main outputs are as follows:

• A study on the status of forest management by indigenous communities in the Peruvian Amazon Region; and
• A project proposal to promote forest management by native communities developed through a participatory approach and submitted to ITTO for approval.

This pre-project has been conceived as a stage in the process of development of 14 community cooperatives located along the Usumacinta River, in the Buffer Area (BA) of the south-west sector of the Lacandon Highlands National Park (Parque Nacional Sierra del Lacandón – PNSL) within the Mayan Biosphere Reserve in Peten. It is consistent with the sectoral policies of the Government of Guatemala. The main impact of the identified problems is the limited generation of economic resources to satisfy the basic needs of families in the area. Their forests have a wide diversity of timber and non-timber species, but because of the way these resources are harvested and marketed, the incomes derived from them are limited. Thus, there is a high risk that forest protection and sustainable forest management may be discontinued, converting forests to other production activities of lesser economic value such as traditional agricultural practices and extensive cattle-raising, among others. The pre-project will identify current problems in the sustainable forest management process and outline possible solutions to ensure effective integration between sustainable forest management and local industrial development. The potential solutions to be identified in this pre-project will be outlined in a full project proposal, including improvement of the production capacity of natural forests through intensified silvicultural treatments (fire prevention and management), improved utilisation of lesser-used species, promotion of non-timber forest products, assisted natural regeneration, plantations and reforestation activities, and timber processing and marketing. The pre-project will be an appropriate mechanism for the gathering of information to consolidate the problem identification and project formulation processes.

This project proposal is the main output of Pre-project PPD 86/03 Rev. 1 (F) “Formulation of a Sustainable Forest Management Project for the Production Forest Area in the Northern and North-Eastern Regions of the Department of Antioquia, Colombia”.

The project envisages achieving sustainable forest management in a forest area covering the 277,123 hectares of the Magdalena Medio Forest Reserve situated in the municipalities of Nechí, El Bagre, Zaragoza, Segovia and Remedios, in Antioquia. Overall, it aims to contribute towards the integrated socioeconomic development and environmental protection of the North and Northeast Regions of the Department of Antioquia. More specifically, it intends to launch a participatory forest management process to foster the rational use of production forests and environmental protection with a view to reaching a consensus-based vision among key stakeholders regarding the use and sustainable management of the Magdalena Medio Forest Reserve. To this end, the project will develop and implement a Management Plan for the Reserve, train forest workers, forest owners, loggers, assistants and carriers, and support the strengthening of local forest organisations, as well as providing awareness-raising services regarding the advantages of forest management certification.

The main outputs expected, amongst others, are:

• A consensus-based vision amongst all stakeholders for the integrated management of natural resources in the region developed;
• A forest management regulation plan developed and implemented for 277,123 hectares of forest lands in accordance with the new 2006 Forestry Law; and
• Efficient forest harvesting systems by most forest operators adopted.

The project will build on the achievements of projects PD 45/97 Rev.1 (F)”On-site training of tropical foresters and forestry trainers” and PD 206/03 (F) “Development of human resources in sustainable forest management and reduced impact logging in the Brazilian Amazon” implemented by the Insituto Floresta Tropical (IFT). Under these projects, training activities were conducted mainly for industrial forest enterprises and more recently for community forestry initiatives.

The objective of this project is to further promote sustainable multiple-use forest management on public and private forests in the Brazilian Amazon while increasing the socioeconomic and conservation benefits of forest management activities. More specifically, it aims to: i) Strengthen the technical capacity of new Brazilian Forest Service and state agency officials responsible for promoting, regulating, and supervising forest management activities on federal, state, and private lands in the Brazilian Amazon; ii) Raise awareness about the role of forest management (FM) in the sustainable development of the Brazilian Amazon and promote good FM practices through educational outreach that targets forest sector stakeholders with a particular emphasis in the new Sustainable Forestry District along the BR 163 Highway, and iii) Increase the adoption of good forest management practices by communities, concessionaires, and other producers as well as foresters in the Brazilian Amazon—with a particular emphasis in the Sustainable Forestry District near the BR 163—through practical training.

Expected project outputs are as follows:

• 40 persons trained in sustainable forest management and reduced impact logging;
• awareness about forest management as an economic activity increased for 480 people, including forest producers, rural farmers, contractors and forest enterprises representatives;
• 36 people trained in SFM and RIL;
• two demonstration areas on SFM and RIL established;
• Increased technical capacity of forest concessionaires, technical staff and operators in three concessions in execution in the states of Acre, Mato Grosso and Rondonia;
• 12 instructors of other training centers with enhanced specialist skills and competences; and
• Increased technical capacity of other actors in the Legal Amazon.

The Government of Brazil is undertaking major structural strategic changes in order to improve and consolidate sustainable management of its Amazon forests. The National Forest Program has been developed in order to implement this strategy, and establishes on the one hand that timber processing operations must be based on sustainable sources and on the other hand that degraded areas must be rehabilitated. In this connection, a target of 630,000 ha of plantation per year has been established, with as a priority the involvement of small and medium size land owners and local communities.

The project will build on the results of pre-project PPD 3/92 Rev.1 (F)”Integrated Forest Project for the Production of Seedlings in Para State – Feasibility Study” which highlighted that all regions are facing an acute deficit of seeds and seedlings in quantity and quality. The Pre-project also analyzed an initiative by the Para State Timber Exporting Association (AIMEX) which had established a nursery and a laboratory for seeds processing. It was found that this facility has limitations in terms of capacity and equipment for seeds production.

The objective of this project is to strengthen this existing laboratory facility in order to promote plantation activities in the State of Para with the involvement of small and medium size land owners and local communities. The latter will benefit from the project through training, income generated from seeds collection activities and employment in plantation establishment. The private sector will also benefit from the availability of good quality planting materials allowing them meet, inter alia, their legal obligations to establish timber plantations. The main outputs of the project include:

• Laboratory re-structured to meet the demand for seeds and seedlings,
• Community organization trained in seed collection,
• Nursery expanded for an effective production of 200,000 seedlings, and
• Seedling orchard maintained for future production of good quality seedlings.

Côte d’Ivoire is experiencing a severe forest degradation for several decades, and its consequences have become a permanent cause for concern among Côte d’Ivoire authorities. Faced with this situation, significant reforms undertaken by the national Government have resulted in the development of the 1988 Forest Master Plan (Plan Directeur Forestier, PDF) covering the years 1988-2015. Unfortunately, reforestation objectives set for a number of years in several national plans have not been attained for selected species (Obéché, African Mahogany and Tiokoué) due in part to the problem of both the quality and quantity of improved plant stock.

The project will contribute to the diversification of tree plantation species in Côte d’Ivoire through the establishment of a programme of cloning and seedling production technique improvement aimed at accelerating the development of Obéché, African Mahogany and Tiokoué industrial plantations. Specifically, it intends to develop strategies to ensure a regular supply of selected and improved plant stock of Obéché, African Mahogany and Tiokoué for reforestation programmes.

Expected outputs are:

• Clone breeding of Obéché initiated;
• Borer-resistant genotypes of African mahogany selected and cuttings produced; and
• Tiokoué propagation by cuttings is operational.

This project proposal was developed in response to the recommendations of the ITTO Technical Mission to Panama in August 2004 which, among others, emphasised the importance of replicating in other Emberá-Wounaan Territory communities the Responsible Forest Management and Trade Model developed by WWF in the Tupiza river communities. Overall, the project seeks to increase the national timber volume for processing and marketing of forest products derived from sustainably managed forests in the Emberá-Wounaan Indigenous Territory, destined for domestic and international markets, and increase Panama's GDP as a result. At the same time, it also aims to increase the competitiveness of the forest sector in Panama by ensuring the supply of raw forest timber materials from well-managed forests, with the involvement of community groups organised as enterprises and businesses.

Moreover, the strategy of this project is to strengthen the capacity and knowledge of indigenous communities in Darien to manage forest lands within their territory with a view towards reversing the ever decreasing trend in the supply of raw material from natural tropical forests and the practices that lead to illegal logging and degradation of forest ecosystems in the Darién region of Panama.

Major outputs are as follows:

• Two community blocks demarcated for the development of forest management plans in the Tuqueza and Chucunaque river communities, covering 30,000 and 15,000 hectares respectively;
• Two community forest enterprises set up with equal involvement of participating communities and legal capacity obtained by the enterprises;
• Two inventories, two general management plans and two environmental impact assessments developed for each block in the Tuqueza and Chucunaque river communities;
• Two forest harvesting operations implemented, with production estimated at 25,000 cubic metres;
• Marketing of 25,000 cubic metres of timber from two operational plans in the Darién communities; and
• A strategy designed for the National Environmental Authority so as to minimise the adverse effects of illegal logging as well as a follow-up plan for the project.

Eaglewood plays an important role in gaining foreign exchange and as a source of income for people living in around and inside the forest in Indonesia. However, at the mean time, its production has declined rapidly, due to lack of technology and limited dissemination of the inoculation technology. If no serious action to be taken, Eaglewood production would not be sustained. As a consequence, pressure on the natural forest will increase significantly.

This proposal is aimed at introducing inoculation technology to forest communities living in and around on the forest area. The inoculation technology will accelerate and promote Eaglewood productivity in the natural forest. Dissemination of the technology will be carried out by establishing sample plots in two places, i.e. West Kalimantan and a forestry research site in Banten province, covering a total area of 100 hectares. It is expected that artificial inoculums in large scale will improve communities’ welfare and at the end reduce the pressure on the forest.

Activities of the project include cultivation technique, plantation trial plot, inoculum’s production, artificial inducement and training for forest dweller. The most important benefits of the proposed project are increasing welfare of forest dwellers and local farmers, and boost foreign exchange earning that contributes to local and national income.

Available forest fire statistics indicate that annually, more than 3000 forest fires occur in the tropical regions of China damaging more than 10,000 hectares of forest areas. The high forest fire occurrence can be attributed to the insufficient fire prevention capability, which in turn is due to the lack of adequate mechanisms for fire detection and monitoring as well as for forest fire data collection, management and information dissemination.
The project is aimed at reducing the frequency of forest fires and forest losses from fire, strengthening forest protection and accelerating the sustainable development and utilization of tropical forests in China. Its specific objectives are: a) to improve forest fire monitoring and fire danger forecasting in the experimental and demonstration area in Guangdong Province; b) to promote forest fire management at the provincial, district and county levels through the establishment of TropFireMAS (Tropical Forest Fire Monitoring and Management System Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data in China) and through demonstrations and technical training.
The main outputs of the project are:
• TropFire MAS is established and operational;
• Operation and application of TropFire MAS are demonstrated;
• Technical training is conducted;
• Public education and training on fire prevention are conducted;
• Technical Reports on TropFireMAS are published and disseminated.

This project seeks to promote the sustainable development of the wood-based industry in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, where most of the largest scale wood-based factories in Indonesia are located in. A study showed that the wood-based industry in South Kalimantan have faced with short supply of raw material, low processing efficiency and weak marketing. In addition, government agencies responsible for providing raw material-related policies have been in failure in promoting the sustainability of the forestry sector in South Kalimantan. There is, therefore, an urgent need to revitalize the wood-based industries with an integrated master plan for the development of a sustainable wood-based industry in South Kalimantan.

The specific objective of the project is to develop a comprehensive master plan for the sustainable development of the wood-based industry in South Kalimantan. One of the project strategies is to build on the findings and recommendations derived from ITTO project PD 85/01 Rev.2 (I) “Strategies for the Development of Sustainable Wood-based Industries in Indonesia” which was implemented for 2002-2004 by the Forestry Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia. It is expected that upon project completion, a large number of people in the wood-based industry and relevant agencies involved in the forestry sector, including local forestry authorities, will benefit from reliable information on the current status of the wood-based industry, and a long-term plan which will facilitate the development of a flourishing wood-based industry in South Kalimantan from sustainable sources.

Essential eucalyptus oils constitute a high value-added non-timber product. Current research work conducted in Congo by the Multi-disciplinary Food and Nutrition Research Team (Equipe Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Alimentation et la Nutrition - EPRAN) of the Marien Ngouabi University in collaboration with the University of Clermont-Ferrand, France, have shown that essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora extracted in Congo do possess qualities that could make them competitive on the international market : relatively high oil concentrations (over 5% dry matter) and no less than 90% citronellal contents (valuable essential and medicinal oils). Current international market prices for these oils are around US$ 400/kg. This means an opportunity for the Government to help rural communities raise their incomes under Governmental poverty-alleviation policies targeting rural areas.

The project aims at Contributing to poverty alleviation in rural areas through the value-added processing of non-timber forest products such as essential oils of eucalyptus citriodora, and fulfilling the Government’s commitment to develop community and private forest plantations.

PNG is committed to achieving sustainable management of its forest resources. Over the years, PNGFA has developed and implemented forest laws and policies to assist in attaining the objectives of sustainable forest management (SFM). However, weak forest law enforcement, including the lack of effective monitoring of forestry operations due to inadequate local capacity, is undermining the efforts of the PNGFA to achieve SFM to meet the requirements of some of its key markets. This problem has been highlighted consistently in recent years in reports by several international and local environmental non-governmental organisations (ENGOs). A cost effective forest law enforcement regime, complemented by enhanced capacity building for monitoring forestry activities, is now required to assure PNG’s markets of the legality of the sources of its timbers, as well as ensure the on going effective implementation of PNG’s forest laws, regulations and policies to support its sustainable forest management strategies.

The project aims to enhance forest law enforcement and adequately support Papua New Guinea’s SFM activities by:

• developing and implementing a cost-effective timber products tracking and chain of custody verification system, appropriate to the needs of the forestry sector in PNG;
• establishing a database on forest law enforcement, to assist in better monitoring forestry operations to detect illegal activities;
• enhancing the monitoring of forestry laws, policies and regulations to address illegal activities;
• developing and implementing standards including industry code of conduct for legal forestry activities consistent with the principles and guidelines of Forestry, Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade (FLEGT); and
• enhancing capacity building for forest law enforcement among the key stakeholders.

Using external (international) and domestic (national) expertise, the major outputs from the project will be:

• a cost-effective timber products tracking and chain of custody verification system;
• a database for monitoring illegal forestry activities;
• standards for legality and industry code of conduct; and
• stakeholder training in forest law enforcement based on FLEG principles and guidelines.

This project was formulated pursuant to ITTC Decision 4(XXIX) in order to develop a framework of cooperation between ITTO and ATO for the promotion and application of ATO/ITTO principles, criteria and indicators (PCI) for the sustainable management of African forests, which could eventually lead to credible assessment and certification systems. The specific objectives of the project are to establish key elements of adequate capacity:

(i) to implement ATO/ITTO PCI at national level in the African Member countries of ITTO.
(ii) for effective regional-level cooperation through the ATO to support individual Member countries to implement the ATO/ITTO PCI.

Under Phase I of the project, the draft ATO/ITTO PCI were drafted for endorsement by both organizations and some 160 relevant forestry staff in 7 countries were trained in their implementation. An auditing framework for African forests was also developed. More than 100 trainers were trained to conduct audits based on the ATO/ITTO PCI at the forest management unit level. National PCI/certification standards were developed in 5 countries, collection of data on PCI was undertaken in 9 countries, improvement of national monitoring/auditing frameworks commenced in all 10 African producer countries, and ATO’s advisory and dissemination capacity in relation to PCI was enhanced.

Phase II Stage 1 is now on-going and will continue efforts to extend all of these activities to all ITTO producer members in Africa. Phase II Stage 2 will result in all 10 countries having nationally agreed and internationally accepted C&I/auditing frameworks.

パナマのマングローブ林は天然林被覆のおよそ5.6%、つまり約170,000ヘクタールを占めており、その大部分は太平洋岸に位置しています。このマングローブ林は主に水産養殖、農業、牛の飼育、森林産品収穫による劣化や破壊の脅威に常に晒されています。この提案はプロジェクト PD 128/91 Rev.2 (F) “Management, Conservation and Development of the Mangrove Forests in Panama”（パナマのマングローブ林の経営、保全、開発）の結果に基づくものです。

このプロジェクトの目的はパナマ太平洋沿岸のマングローブ林4,000ヘクタールの集合的保全および持続可能な経営を確保し、荒廃地1,250ヘクタールに対して再生活動を実施することによって、この生態系のパナマ社会、特にこれらの自然資源に直接依存しているコミュニティの福利への貢献を維持することです。

期待される成果は以下のとおりです。

• 4,000ヘクタールのマングローブ林を持続可能な経営下におく。経営計画に基づく収穫システムも含む。
• マングローブに依存するコミュニティがマングローブの持続可能な経営および収穫技術のトレーニングを受け、それを利用する。
• 1,300,000本のマングローブの苗木とその他の多目的森林種がコミュニティの苗床で生産される。
• 600ヘクタールのマングローブ林がマングローブ種による補植および森林再生により再生される。
• 650ヘクタールの荒廃林地が複合林業および多目的森林種による森林再生に割り当てられる。

The Chinese Central as well as Local Governments in the tropical regions of China have devoted great efforts on improving tropical forest management and resulted in increased forest cover. However, forest degradation, fragmentation and modification continue taking place for various reasons including the lack of understanding on the tropical forest landscapes by stakeholders, lack of mechanism for stakeholders to participate in forest management decision making, poverty, lack of appropriate approaches and demonstrations, lack of financial incentives for forest landscape restoration and weak national policy.

This project aims to promote landscape restoration, sustainable management of tropical forests and sustainable development in the tropical region of China. Its specific objectives are to: i) train and apply the ITTO Manual on Restoring Forest Landscapes in tropical China; and ii) to demonstrate and extend the application of the ITTO Manual on Restoring Forest Landscapes in the tropical region of China.

The expected main outputs of the project include:

· Training on the ITTO Manual on restoring forest landscapes conducted;
· Application of the ITTO Manual in the Lingshui County of Hainan monitored and reported;
· Forest Landscapes Restoration (FLR) Plan for Lingshui County developed;
· Three demonstration plots for FLR in Lingshui County established and operational;
· Application of the ITTO Manual trained and extended; and
· Project Technical Reports published and disseminated.

マングローブなどの海岸林は、その中や周辺に住む人間のコミュニティに生活手段を提供し、津波や、サイクロン、台風、洪水、海食などの自然災害から沿岸地域を守っています。しかしながら、今日まで津波などの自然災害により被害を受けたマングローブなどの海岸植生の回復に関するマニュアルやガイドラインは存在しません。

この予備プロジェクトの目的は、マングローブなどの海岸林の回復および持続可能な経営を通じて、アジア太平洋沿岸地域に住む人々の生活を自然災害から守ることに貢献することです。プロジェクトの個別目標は、アジア太平洋地域のマングローブおよび海岸林が自然災害の緩和に果たす役割と機能を再評価し、同地域の国々が将来起こりうる災害の被害を抑えるために回復の取組を促進するよう援助することです。

この予備プロジェクトに期待される主な成果は以下のとおりです。

• 地域会議の科学報告書の編纂および発行
• アジア太平洋地域のマングローブなどの海岸林の回復に関する実用的ガイドライン付き包括的マニュアルの編纂および発行
• アジア太平洋地域の自然災害により被害を受けたマングローブなどの海岸林の再生と持続可能な経営のための新たなプロジェクト提案の作成

このプロジェクトはITTC Decision 4(XXIX)［ITTC決定4(XXIX)］に関連して策定されたものです。その目的はアフリカ森林の持続可能な経営のためのATO/ITTO原則/基準/指標(PCI)を促進および適用するためのITTOとATOの協力の枠組を開発することであり、それによって最終的には信頼できる評価と認証のシステムの確立を目指しています。このプロジェクトの個別目標は、そのための主要要素について十分な能力を確立することです。その主要要素とは、

(i) ATO/ITTO PCIをITTOアフリカメンバー各国で国家レベルで実施すること。
(ii) ATOを通じて地域レベルで効果的な協力を行い、メンバー各国によるATO/ITTO PCI 実施を支援する。

このプロジェクトのPhase Iでは、ATO/ITTO PCI草案が作成されて両機関による承認を受け、7カ国およそ160名の関連営林スタッフがその実施のためのトレーニングを受けました。アフリカ森林のための監査の枠組も開発されました。100名以上のトレーナーが森林経営単位レベルでATO/ITTO PCI に基づき監査を実行するためのトレーニングを受けました。国家PCI/認定基準が5カ国で開発され、PCIに関するデータ収集が9カ国で実施され、国家監視/監査枠組の改善がアフリカの10生産国すべてで開始され、ATOのPCIに関する助言および普及能力が強化されました。

Phase II Stage 1は現在進行中であり、これらのすべての活動を全アフリカITTOメンバー生産国に普及させる取組を継続していきます。Phase II Stage 2 および Phase IIIがもし資金拠出され実施されるならば、国内で同意を得、国際的にも受容されたC&I/監査の枠組を全10カ国が持つことになります。それは独立認証を求める、あるいは必要としている国にとってその基盤となることでしょう。

ガイアナの違法伐採の程度は他の国ほど高くないとは言え、ガイアナの比較的小規模な発展途上の経済に大きな影響を及ぼしており、環境および社会文化的な影響も無視できません。

違法伐採などの活動の発見が十分でない2つの主な原因としては、a) 森林が広大で大部分はアクセスが不可能であるため効果的な監視が難しいこと、b) 木材追跡システムは手動であるため誤りが多く情報やデータを迅速に送信できないこと、が挙げられます。

このプロジェクトは以下によってこの2つの問題に対処するものです。a) 衛星画像分析、違法性指標、合法性データベースを統合するダイナミックな統合GISの開発、b) 全国エリアネットワークにリンクした中央データベースにつなげるバーコード木材追跡システムの確立。これにより規制当局および民間事業者はほぼリアルタイムなデータ転送と追跡情報を利用できるようになります。

プロジェクトの成果は、違法伐採など違法活動の森林内、搬送時、販売点での発見が劇的に改善される環境が確立されることです。このシナリオは違法活動の発見改善が効果的な抑止力となり、違法活動の顕著な削減につながることを見込んでいます。その有益な波及効果は国家経済、地域コミュニティ、そして森林環境にも及ぶことが期待されます。

このプロジェクトは予備プロジェクトPPD 93/04 (M) “Analysis of the Current Status and Development of a Project Proposal for the Strengthening of the Forest Statistical Information Centre in Honduras”（ホンジュラス森林統計情報センター強化のためのプロジェクト提案の現状および進展の分析）の結果です。

このプロジェクトは統合された森林統計情報システムを確立することを通じて、National Forest Administration［国立森林管理局］ - Honduran Forest Development Corporation［ホンジュラス森林開発法人］(AFE-COHDEFOR)のFOREST STATISTICS AND INFORMATION CENTRE［ホンジュラス森林統計情報センター］(CIEF)を強化することです。 それによりこの森林サブセクターが国の社会的、経済的、環境的発展に果たす役割とその妥当性を増大させ、同時に地方、地域、機関の能力を強化することを狙っています。このプロジェクトは次の分野に関する情報の収集、保存、分析、普及のための方法論、手順、手段を標準化し、統合します。その分野とは、経済開発、保護地域および野生動物、社会的森林システム、森林および環境保護、技術的監査、経営管理です。Windowsおよびウェブインタフェースの森林統計および空間的データベースに基づく統合システムの開発が期待されています。官民機関および職能/業界団体の間に築かれる予定の提携関係をベースに、システムの設立および運営を担当する人員ならびにシステムユーザに対し、トレーニングが行われます。情報技術および通信の側面からシステムを支援するため、技術的なプラットフォームが確立されます。

この3ヶ年プロジェクトはプロジェクトPD 52/99 Rev. 2 (I) “Development and Extension of Preservation Technology of Tropical Plantation Timber”（熱帯プランテーション木材保存技術の開発と普及）のフォローアップであり、同プロジェクトの結果に基づくものです。同プロジェクトは中国南部において環境に優しい木材保存産業を発展させるための知識および技術の点で予備的基盤を確立することに貢献しました。保存料で処理された木材は木材製品の耐用年数を延ばすことができるため、適切な木材保存産業の重要性は中国南部の主要な利害関係者に認識されてきています。

このプロジェクトは中国南部において、環境に優しい木材保存技術を開発し、処理された木材製品の監視システムを確立することによって、プランテーション木材の効果的な利用を確保することを目的としています。また中国南部に保存料で処理された木材の実証プラントを設立することによって、木材保存料の安全性と品質管理を向上させることにも焦点を当てています。プロジェクト終了時には、処理木材製品の監視システムが確立され、機能し、Guangdong Forest Research Institute ［広東森林研究所］が中国南部の木材産業に主導的な地域技術センターとして貢献することが期待されています。

このプロジェクトの目的は、国際会議を開催して、世界的な森林木材製品産業における研究開発、革新、その他技術的発展の現状を評価し、さらに革新とその摂取を進めることによって、森林木材製品産業の持続可能性と競争力を継続的に向上させていくための政策や戦略を策定することです。この会議はまた既存の協力的戦略的協調関係を生かす機会を提供するとともに、新たな協調関係を開発することによって、技術、技能、知識の移転を援助します。この会議は熱帯木材に関する特別セッションを含みます。このプロジェクトにより主に期待される成果は次の2つです。

• 業界における世界的な革新の現状ならびに知識、製品、プロセスの新たな発展を記した議事録
• 新たな協調/提携関係の開発。これにより現在進行中の革新、業界への世界的な適用と移転が援助できるかもしれません。

この予備プロジェクトはフィリピンの建築用木工産業のトレーニングニーズを判断することを目的としています。具体的には、建築用木工産業の現在の技能レベルを判断し、それを各職業/職位に要求される基準と比較します。このプロジェクトの対象受益者は建築用木工団体と、どの業界団体にも属していない建築用木工品製造に従事する零細および小企業です。基準の策定とトレーニングニーズ同定のため、人材開発に従事する業界団体および政府機関にインプットの提供が要請されます。

This 3 month pre-project will collect all information necessary to define the structure, form, and content of a national project for a training and demonstration program to promote the adoption of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL).

The Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG) recognizes the need to strengthen its oversight of the natural forest administration and to improve the performance of medium to large-scale forest management companies. Fundamental to this basic recognition is the need to develop and implement a training program focused on improving industrial scale forest operations in order to strengthen capacity to manage the natural forests of PNG according to principles of sustainability. It is proposed that this will be achieved through the promotion, training, and demonstration of a strategy widely referred to as Reduced Impact Logging (RIL).

At this stage, there is insufficient information available to allow for the development of a credible, major proposal in support of a national RIL training program. This pre-project will facilitate the development of a full ITTO Project Proposal for a national promotion, training, and demonstration program for RIL, aimed at improving the capacity and performance of the country’s medium to large scale forest companies.

Most parts of the Central Province of PNG is covered by natural eucalyptus savannah forests. Over the years, the contributing effects of fires, human encroachment, fuel wood and timber exploitations have reduced these forests to grassland and barren areas of little economic benefits to the local people. This pre-project is aimed at developing forest plantations on degraded grassland areas to supply timber and relieve pressure on remaining natural forests. Its specific objective is to develop baseline information for framing strategies for plantations on degraded areas under Joint Venture Agreements (JVA) with customary landowners.

The expected outputs of the pre-project are:

• Two demonstration areas selected;
• Baseline information on the selected areas acquired;
• Feasibility of commercial plantation on degraded grasslands demonstrated; and
• Joint Venture Agreement with customary landowners formulated.
• A full report proposal entitled “Promotion of Reforestation of Tropical Savannah Grassland based on Joint Venture Agreements with Customary Landowners” formulated.

Around 70 to 80,000 hectares of forests are put to shifting cultivation every year leading to severe degradation of forest in the Tripura State. Unless the problem of shifting cultivation is tackled by proper and permanent settlement of Tribals, the forests of the State cannot be managed sustainably. Although the State Government had attempted to settle the Tribals through various schemes, the results are so far not satisfactory and an effective scheme is yet to be identified.

The pre-project is aimed at rehabilitating and sustainably managing the forest areas affected by shifting cultivation and improving the socio-economic condition of the affected community. Its specific objectives are: i) to formulate a full-fledged project proposal to support sustainable management and rehabilitation of degraded forests, and ii) to collect information on the socio-economic situation of the shifting cultivator community and nature and extent of shifting cultivation in Tripura State of India.

The main outputs expected are:

• Study reports on socio-economic situation of the shifting cultivators and nature and extent of the shifting cultivation;
• A project proposal on sustainable forestry and community development through rationalization of shifting cultivation fully formulated; and
• Study tours to selected countries to see the resettlement of tribal people and its planning processes and other examples conducted.

The Forest Administration of Cambodia is the main player, with relevant institutions and international agencies, of actions in the prevention, suppression and reporting of all types of illegal forest activities that have contributed to the loss of forest cover during the last two decades. However, the capacity of the administration to perform its task is limited due to the lack of knowledge, means and financial resources.

The specific objective of this pre-project is to formulate strategies for human resource development and for upgrading the technology on law enforcement and governance in Cambodia. Its expected main outputs are: i) available information on capacity building of human resources, upgrading technology and other relevant aspects for supporting forest law enforcement and governance collected and analyzed; and ii) a project proposal on the implementation of the National FLEG Action Plan formulated.

he Department of Sanaga Maritime, Province du Littoral, Cameroon is facing a progressive forest degradation due mainly to the population growth with the subsequent related activities undertaken to the detriment of forests in general and to the mangrove forests in particular. There is a need to promote a participatory socio-economic development system ensuring a sustainable management of natural forest resources.

The pre-project aims at contributing to the conservation and sustainable management of mangrove forests in the Department of Sanaga Maritime in view of promoting an integrated local forestry economy within the framework of poverty reduction. It specifically intends to review the status of mangroves around the Reserve of Fauna of Douala/Edea in the Department of Sanaga Maritime, in order to formulate a project proposal aiming at the sustainable management of this ecosystem.

Expected outputs are:

• Report on the status of mangrove forests around the Reserve of Fauna of Douala/Edea in the Department of Sanaga Maritime prepared;
• Relevant stakeholders identified and sensitized; and
Project proposal for the conservation and sustainable management of mangrove forests around the Reserve of Fauna of Douala/Edea in the Department of Sanaga Maritime formulated and submitted to ITTO.

This one-year project aims to increase the overall contribution of the forest sector to the national economy by improving the awareness and use of lesser used species. The project will focus on gathering technological information on lesser used species; more promotion of current and potential lesser used species and training in processing techniques of these species. It is also expected that the capacity building aspect of the project would not only improve the processing techniques used for these species but also improve the quality of the product. The key beneficiaries would be: the forest industry (includes producers and manufacturers); local communities and academic forestry programmes involved in the forestry sector.

This project will build on the recommendations from the ITTO Diagnostic Mission to Guyana in 2003 and on the work already started by the Guyana Forestry Commission on the promotion of lesser used species in Guyana. The objectives of the project are also linked with a project recently approved by the ITTO on ‘Strengthening the Capacity to Market Exports of Forest Products from Guyana’.

The project aims at making lumber available to local communities that live close to the forests in Ghana to enable them benefit from timber on farmlands and forest logging residues. This, among many other things, will prevent the local communities from collaborating or cooperating with illegal chain saw operators whose activities are leading to forest degradation in Ghana. The project will be implemented by Ghanaian agencies with input of specific technical knowledge from international experts on forest mill machinery. The outputs of the project will be: evaluation of processing logging residues and trees on farmlands into products; capacity building of local communities in processing, utilization, and marketing of lumber and lumber products; determination of the livelihood impacts of the processing, utilization and marketing of lumber and lumber products; production of a manual on extraction, processing and utilization of trees on farmlands and logging residues; and identification of policy implications for the extraction, processing and utilization of logging residues and trees on farmlands.

This 2 year project aims at establishing a tropical timber laboratory accredited by an international recognized body, and to inform and train timber producers on the benefits of ensuring that their products meet quality standards for national and international markets.

Currently, processed tropical forest products in Mexico are not produced on the basis of quality criteria. Therefore, Mexican timber products are at a disadvantage both in domestic and international markets when compared to tropical timber products from other countries and this in turn contributes to the deficit in the Mexican timber trade balance. The lack of an accredited testing laboratory meeting industrial requirements to develop quality standards for tropical timber, and the lack of industrialists’ and producers’ awareness on the benefits that this kind of support would represent for their products further aggravates the trade imbalance.

To bridge this gap, the National Forestry Commission is providing support to the Institute of Ecology A.C. for the establishment of a timber product testing laboratory, which has initiated an accreditation process for a small number of tests with the relevant Mexican accreditation agency (EMA), a nationally and internationally recognised institution. However, the laboratory currently does not have the capacity to meet national tropical timber product requirements because of its limited equipment and the small number of tests being accredited. It is a priority for Mexico to strengthen the human resources and infrastructure of this laboratory so as to provide services to the national tropical timber industry in the immediate future. Similarly, it is important to provide training to tropical timber producers and industrialists to highlight and demonstrate the benefits that may be derived by ensuring product quality standards through testing in a reliable laboratory. Given the strategic location of the Institute of Ecology A.C. for the moist tropical region and the tropical timber producing states, this laboratory would be able to provide services to tropical timber industrialists and companies for the processing of panels and furniture, timber construction and preservation methods so as to offer them the possibility of certifying their products in the future.

A major obstacle to promoting certified tropical wood and verified legal tropical wood (hereafter “C/VL wood”) as a means to achieving sustainable forest management in tropical countries is the inadequate market demand for C/VL wood. Promoting and creating demand for C/VL wood are urgent tasks for Asia because it produces and consumes more tropical wood than any other region. To create such demand is especially important in Japan, one of the world’s largest importers of tropical wood.

The Project will establish a center – the “FairWood Center” – to act as a clearinghouse and a point of expertise for C/VL wood. The FairWood Center will support companies both on the demand and supply sides to trade in C/VL wood by providing attractive business-oriented environmental and social information and supporting phased approaches to boost supply.

The Project will focus on Indonesia and Malaysia as tropical timber producing countries, and the knowledge gained from the Project will be used to open the services of the FairWood Center to all producer countries.

The model developed under the Project to encourage sustainable forest management by creating demand for legal and sustainable wood products in consuming countries can be applied to other producer and consumer countries.

This project emanates from the ITTO pre-project PPD 8/98 Rev.1 (M). The purpose of the project is to implement a forest information and statistics system on the basis of a joint effort. From the technical point of view, this includes the generation of data, developing monitoring skills, the economic statistical analysis of the system and the decentralisation of processes and collection of system data from the places where primary information sources are situated.

The project will strengthen the National Forest Directorate's management and monitoring capacity through an Operational Information System for Forest Management and Monitoring; this system will be based on technological infrastructure, which will include a database to feed the system.

With regard to the Directorate’s management capacity, the project will promote active involvement of the sector in the use and generation of statistical information through the development and implementation of Ecuador's Forest Information System. The project will also foster geo-referenced data relating to the use of forest statistics through the development and implementation of a Geographic Information System. The development objective of the project is to implement a National Forest and Timber Marketing Statistics System to enable the collection, processing, recording, checking, dissemination and feedback of information generated within the Ecuadorian forest sector.

This Project is a follow-up to project PD 203/03 Rev.3 (M). It seeks to develop technological packages on 20 potential forest species using economic, technical and scientific information on the production, processing and marketing of timber products, with a view to developing user-friendly on-line training tools to guide the optimal selection of species for commercial plantations and production processes. These tools will be applied and used to train some 50 professionals related to the various phases of the production chain in commercial forest companies of 4 major forest regions of the country. Thus, the project is aimed at contributing to the strengthening of the national capacity to implement the National Forest Development Plan – PNDF, through specific programs and subprograms approved by the National Council for Economic and Social Policy – CONPES.

For the past 40 years, eucalyptus forest plantations have been established in the Republic of Congo and currently extend to a 40,000 ha area of high yield clone plantations, and extension projects to be implemented under a private or public framework are being negotiated. Eucalyptus plantations, as well as those with indigenous species like Terminalia, are a significant component of the national forest programme, by contributing to reduce the pressure on natural forests.

The objective of this project is to contribute to the sustainable management of forest resources and the reduction of poverty through the application of basic management principles in Congo’s planted forests. Specifically, it intends to develop a set of sustainable management criteria & indicators appropriate to forest plantations in Congo based on the ITTO Guidelines for the Establishment and Sustainable Management of Planted Tropical Forests.

Expected outputs of the project are:

• A report on the analysis of ITTO Guidelines for the establishment and sustainable management of planted tropical forests in the context of Congo’s plantation forests is drafted;
• The testing of ITTO Guidelines in Congo’s planted forests is conducted; and
• A set of criteria & indicators for sustainable management of Congo’s planted forests is developed and validated.

Since the promulgation of the Forest Code Law 016/01 in 2001, no community forest has been created in Gabon yet, despite the inclusion of social provisions in this Law in order to promote the involvement of rural communities in the management of forest resources through the establishment of community forests. Thus, the purpose of these provisions is far from being achieved, as the lack of resources did not allow initiating and establishing pilot/model community forests in Gabon.

The project aims at contributing to the sustainable management of the rural forest estate, organizing the village estates and combating poverty in the communities established in the rural areas through the development of community forests. The specific objectives of the project will be: (1) Establishment of three pilot community forests; (2) Development of SFM guidelines for community forests from the model community forest experiment.

Expected outputs of the projects based on the two specific objectives are:

• Local communities have supported the project and are committed to actively participate in the process;
• The simplified management plan is developed and implemented for each community forest;
• Local development is supported by the resources generated by the implementation of the simplified management plan for each community forest;
• The community forest management directives are developed;
• The community forest allocation procedure is developed;
• Enactment provisions of the Community Forest Law are adopted and published;
• A Community Forestry Support Programme is established and made operational within the DGEF; and
• The legal institutional framework is disseminated to all partners.

This project originates from the need to tackle malnutrition problem faced by communities, through the involvement of village young women’s groups in the implementation of particular reforestation activities combining a multiple nutrient-providing species with fast-growing timber species.

The objective of the project is a successful introduction, participatory promotion and widespread adoption of rural women group-based socio-economic reforestation know-how, using proven fast-growing precious timber species in conjunction with multiple nutrient-providing Moringa oleifera plant, for the benefit of disadvantaged indigenous forest dwelling people, especially young breast-feeeding women’s groups. The project has two following specific objectives: (1) the establishing and thriving of demonstration plantation made up of a minimum of 5 acres of Moringa oleifera and 10 acres of proven fast growing precious timber species, in each of the four targeted rural communities, owned and managed by the respective young mothers’ group; (2) the creation, through training, practical action and capacity building of efficient local and affordable networks for seeds for Moringa oleifera, as well as scientifically nurtured seedlings of fast-growing timber species.

Expected outputs are:

• demonstration plantation made up of a total of 20 acres of Moringa oleifera in separate stands, in four targeted rural communities, owned and managed by the respective young mothers’ group, established and thrived;
• demonstration plantation made up of a total of 40 acres of fast-growing precious timber species like Cedrella, Ofram, Wawa or Teak, in separate or mixed stands, in four targeted rural communities, owned and managed by the respective young mothers’ group, established and thrived; and
• through training, practical action and capacity building, efficient local and affordable networks for seeds for Moringa oleifera, as well as scientifically nurtured seedlings of fast-growing timber species like Cedrella, Ofram, Wawa and Teak, are created, based on agreed discussions and arrangements.

The proposed project is a follow up to the completed Pre-project PPD 56/02 Rev.1 (F) “Strengthening Central and Sub-national Institutions to Enhance Plantation Forest Development in Jambi and South Kalimantan, Indonesia”. The pre-project documented two critical problems facing plantation forests development in the two Provinces of concerned namely: i) land use conflicts between communities dwelling around the plantation forest areas with the forest companies owning the plantations; and ii) high cost of obtaining truly conflict-free lands for commercial tree planting.

This project aims to increase wood production from plantation forests to meet growing domestic and export demand for wood products thereby reducing reliance on the natural forests. Its specific objectives are: i) to develop a collaborative plantation forest management approach; and ii) to establish conditions for the adoption of the approach by stakeholders.

The expected main outputs of the project include:

• Strategy, legal framework and institutional arrangements for collaborative plantation forest management accepted by concerned stakeholders in the Provinces of Jambi and South Kalimantan;
• Demonstration areas for the collaborative plantation forest management selected and endorsed by concerned stakeholders in the Provinces of Jambi and South Kalimantan;
• The local communities and forest companies in the Provinces of Jambi and South Kalimantan enabled to adopt the collaborative plantation forest management approach;
• 10 farmers well trained in establishing a small nursery and mass producing planting materials of selected tree species;
• 50 farmers surrounding the project sites well trained in planting and maintaining of selected species;
• 100 Ha of demonstration area of collaborative plantation forest management established in each of the two Provinces; and
• 10 local villagers trained in financial arrangement and management.
• Contractual arrangements adopted for the involvement of local stakeholders as project partner.

This project proposal is a follow up to completed Pre-project PPD 87/03 Rev.2 (F) “Identification of Gonystylus Spp. (Ramin) Potency, Distribution, Conservation and Plantation Barrier”. The pre-project reported that the key problems facing the ramin forests in Sumatra and Kalimantan are unsustainable methods of harvesting, rampant illegal logging, slow progress in rehabilitation and plantation, insufficient natural regeneration, poor implementation of the requirements of Appendix III of CITES, poor land use planning and frequent forest fires.

The project is aimed at contributing to the prevention of further loss and sustainable management of ramin forests in Indonesia. Its specific objectives are: i) to improve silvicultural techniques for ramin conservation and plantation development; and ii) to enhance institutional capacity to implement CITES rules and procedures.

The main outputs expected are:

• High quality planting materials propagated;
• Appropriate plantation techniques developed;
• Institutional and human resources capacity to implement the CITES regulations on ramin strengthened; and
• Rules and regulations on ramin conservation and plantation development including harvest protocols improved.

This 8-month pre-project will assess the opportunities for the utilization of plantation teak (Tectona grandis) at different ages and sizes with a view to formulating a project proposal for the promotion of downstream processing and utilization for plantation teak. It has been reported that quality products are being made from plantation teak in many tropical countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. There is a need to promote downstream processing of plantation teak in Myanmar so as to increase the contribution to the national economy through exporting plantation teak products. The pre-project will also organize and convene a regional workshop to disseminate the results of the pre-project and define the project proposal for promotion of value-added products of plantation teak in key teak producing countries in ASEAN.

This 4-month pre-project seeks to promote the development of value-adding processes for small-diameter teak logs harvested from community forests. A study on teak plantations managed by local communities showed the major shortcomings of these plantations such as much shorter rotations (no more than 20 years) and lack of proper silviculture practices. Teak logs produced by local communities have shorter stems, inferior mechanical properties, and lower durability due to the absence and/or lower proportion of heartwood. In order to address these technical constraints, the pre-project aims at collecting baseline data and relevant information on community-based teak plantations and utilization of community-based plantation teak in Java and eastern Indonesia. Based on the results of the pre-project study, a full project proposal aiming at the development of value-adding process for short-rotation, small-diameter community teak plantations will be formulated.

森林外部の木材資源（TROF）の恩恵は、タイでは持続可能性がない。理由は幾つかあり、例えば、TROFの量と形態が未知であること、TROFの収穫が増加し管理されていないこと、侵食、不正伐採、及び天然森林における非木材森林製品の収穫が管理されていないことなどがある。これらの問題が対処されなければ、森林地でのTROF被覆、多様性、及び森林被覆が減少し続け、TROFと天然資源の恩恵が減り、その結果として木材経済と現地住民の生活が全体として低下してしまうかもしれない。

このプロジェクトの目的は、タイの現地住民に社会経済的及び文化的恩恵を最大限提供するために、TROFの持続可能な開発に寄与することである。特に、TROF被覆、多様性、発生量に関する最新で簡単に入手できるベースラインイ在庫モニタリング情報を確立し、 TROFの持続可能な経営と土地使用、及びサブ区域レベルでの経済開発立案に関する国家政策決定を支援するための手順を立案、推進することを目的とする。

このプロジェクトの予想される主なアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・TROFの使用と形態の定義
・TROF在庫モニタリング情報システムの開発
・TROF在庫モニタリング情報と持続可能な経営の推進

このプロジェクト提案は、プレプロジェクトPPD 30/01 Rev.1 (F)「経済的及び生態学的恩恵拡大を目的とした熱帯地域における二次森林経営の調査と実証」の成果である。

プレプロジェクトPPD 30/01 Rev.1 (F)では、中国熱帯二次森林（TSF）を何十年にもわたりなおざりにしてきたことが記載されている。この放置の原因は、経済的及び生態学的価値が低く認識されてきたことによる。このプロジェクトの目的は、中国における二次熱帯森林の経営を改善することで、持続可能な森林経営を促進することである。特に、a)植えられた木や非木材の森林製品を含むTSF経営の調査及び実証のために、選択した2ヵ所の地区に実証森林を確立すること、及びb)森林職員や村人にTSF再生技術を教育し、プロジェクトの結果を出版、広報することを目標とする。

このプロジェクトの予想されるアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・50種類の優良木材、籐、及び薬用植物を選択し、試験的に植林
・苗床を設立し、運用
・TSF経営モデルと植林の実証プランテーションを2地区の4,263 Haの土地に設立
・100人の政府職員と村人にTSF再生技術を教育
・TSF経営技術を出版、広報

このプロジェクト提案は、2004年4月に終了したプロジェクトPD 10/97 Rev.1(F)「イオクラマ雨林における持続可能な経営モデル」に対するフォローアップである。このプロジェクトの重要な2つのアウトプットは、経営レベルでの森林資源調査と、マーケティングや利用の研究である。この情報に基づき、プロジェクトは技術経済的実行可能性調査と持続可能な森林管理計画草案を完成させることができた。

この新プロジェクトの策定目的は、イオクラマ森林における森林活動の持続可能性と森林利用の収益性に関する知識の欠如と一般的誤解に対処することである。このプロジェクトは、持続可能な森林開発の視点から、イオクラマ国際センターが策定した戦略的行動計画の主要要素の一つである。

特にこのプロジェクトの目標は、a) アメリカ原住民社会のために、地域での雇用や研修機会を増やし、能力強化プログラムや技術移転プログラムを提供する一方で、森林商品やサービスの持続可能な生産からの純収入を最大限にするため地域を管理すること、及びb) 効果的なモニタリングを通じ、上記アプローチがいかにして生態学的、経済的、及び社会的恩恵を持続的に、地域社会、国内社会、及び国際社会にもたらしているかを実証することである。

プロジェクト完了時の主なアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・森林経営計画と植林プログラムの実現を目的とした研修と技術移転
・持続可能な森林経営活動が現地のアメリカ原住民社会に与える社会的、経済的、及び環境的影響を評価するためのモニタリングプログラムの実現

メキシコの湾岸冠水森林とマングローブ森林は昔から、管理が適切に行われてこなかった。メキシコ湾地域もこの例外ではなく、主に生態系に関する知識の欠如から、特にこれら森林の管理、再生、組織化、機能の面のみならず、森林から引き出すことができる経済的、生態学的、及び社会的恩恵や、環境改善事業に対する報酬など関連する仕組みの面でも管理が不適切であった。

従って、このプロジェクト提案の全体的な目的は、メキシコ湾のマングローブ森林や湾岸冠水森林の保全ならびに持続可能な利用に寄与することである。さらに詳しくは、地域コミュニティが参加しての、メキシコ、ベラクルスの中央海岸平野におけるマングローブ森林と冠水森林の管理のための基準策定を目的とする。

主なアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・ベラクルスの中央海岸平野のマングローブ森林や冠水森林がもたらす恩恵の環境学的、社会経済学的診断及び評価
・経営政策割当ての基礎としての、マングローブ森林や冠水森林の現在の使用状況と、その自然が持つ生産活動の潜在的可能性との間の整合性分析
・マングローブ森林と湾岸冠水森林の持続可能な使用に関する実験的生産プロジェクト

メキシコ熱帯地方において森林伐採プロセスが加速し、森林関連機関は森林再生、商業プランテーションの設立などの活動を推し進めてきた。これらの活動は主に地域コミュニティを巻き込む2つの意欲的なプログラムPRONAREとPRODEPLANを通して、森林被覆を増やし、天然森林に対する窮状を緩和し、森林産業の供給を確保することを目的として実施された。両プログラムで使用される主な樹種は、レッドシダー（Cedrela odorata ）とマホガニー（Swietenia macrophylla）である。しかし不幸なことに、これらの樹はMeliaceae しんくい虫の大規模な被害に遭い、プログラムの成功が危うくなり、プログラムに関わる地域コミュニティを落胆させている。

このプロジェクト提案の全体的な目標は、メキシコ熱帯地方におけるレッドシダーとマホガニーのプランテーション設立を現在阻害している害虫を管理するための統合システムの開発と実現を通じて、メキシコにおいて持続可能な熱帯木材の生産を達成することである。さらに詳しくは、この提案が示すことは、ユカタン半島やベラクルスの森林生産者が熱帯木材の持続可能な生産のためのプランテーションの設立に成功するよう、林業管理など、Meliaceaeの若木のプランテーション向け統合しんくい虫管理システムを開発、推進し、さらに、生産者と技術者が、ユカタン半島とベラクルスにおける12カ所の実証プランテーション設立へ直接参加し、コミュニティMeliaceaeプランテーション管理のための技術を開発、選定する運用モデルを設計することである。

主なアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・生産者によるMeliaceaeプランテーションシステムと植物検疫問題管理に対する理解向上
・H. grandellaとC. yucatanensisのための直接管理方法の検証と移転、その費用対効果と成果を評価
・被害と害虫をモニタリングし、調査地域におけるMeliaceaeしんくい虫の生態に関する情報収集（生態数の変動、Hypsipyla grandellaとChrysobothris yucatanensisの寿命を制限する環境的要因）
・Meliaceaeしんくい虫による被害を最小限にするための林業実践や農林業実践の検証と移転
・Meliaceae しんくい虫に耐性を持つ遺伝子型の識別と増殖
・ユカタン州、カンペチェ州、キンタナロー州、及びベラクルス州の12の田園コミュニティで様々な環境条件下、12カ所の実演プランテーションを設立し、生産者のプランテーションと最も直接的かつ費用対効率の良い技術移転アプローチを使用して、Meliaceaeプランテーションの健全管理のために必要な林業実践を提示
・プランテーション管理及びMeliaceaeしんくい虫の林業管理と統合管理について、120人の生産者と24人の森林技術者を毎年教育

コンゴ共和国には現在、全国レベルあるいは森林経営単位（FMU）レベルで森林経営や収穫をモニタリングするための明白なシステムはない。提案されるプロジェクトは、プロジェクトPD 176/02 Rev.1 (F)を補足するものでありGFW/WRIとCNIAFにより実現される。このプロジェクトは森林経営、立案、監査のために高精度航空デジタル画像システムを作成し、連なる雲に覆われ衛星による有効な遠隔感知が難しかった国の南西部の地域について、非常に高精度のデータを提供することで、GIS と遠隔感知技術を使用して、森林法の全国一律施行を支援する。さらに提案されるプロジェクトは、ITTO資金援助下のプロジェクトPD 272/04 Rev.2 (F)に基づき進められる。基となるこのプロジェクトでは、Direction Générale de l’Economie Forestièreが、持続可能な森林経営のためのITTO基準と指標を基に、コンゴ森林の持続可能な経営のための国内基準と指標を策定している。このプロジェクトから生じる高精度画像を、DGEFの尽力により引き出される基準及び指標と組合せ、コンゴにおける持続可能な森林経営を費用対効果よくモニタリングし、評価するシステムを作り出すことが可能となる。

このプロジェクトの目的は、コンゴの輸出木材資源が、原材料関連市場への参入が増えることにより、持続可能な森林経営に由来する持続可能な収益をもたらすことに寄与することである。特に、国内レベル及び森林経営単位レベルでのコンゴ森林の持続可能な経営のための明白な森林モニタリングシステムを作り上げることを目指す。

予想される主なアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・南西コンゴ森林と伐採地上での高精度航空デジタル画像撮影
・森林経営立案、収穫率の計画値と実績値比較、及び森林課金評価面での戦術計画立案のためのデジタル画像の処理と解釈
・利害関係者が生物多様性モニタリングや生息環境評価に使用する方法論の策定と評価
・法定伐採量のモニタリング、不正伐採の検知、及び収益査定の明白な基盤提供を目的とするデジタル3D画像を使用しての木材量測定
・プロジェクト運営委員会が決定したデジタル3D画像を使用しての試験エリアにおけるバイオマスとカーボン蓄積の測定
・画像撮影、処理、解釈など全ての側面での研修を政府当局者に実施

フィリピン環境天然資源省（DENR）の 諮問的局である森林管理局（FMB）は、森林資源と森林用地の効果的な保護、開発、占有管理、及び保全のための支援を行う任を負う。この任務の観点から、FMBは技術的サポートを行い、DENRが現在遂行中の森林関係のあらゆるプロジェクトやプログラム、及び活動のモニタリングを支援する。

これら活動の全てを支援するFMBの取り組みにおいて、重要な要因として、これらプロジェクトの効果的な実現のために、必要な情報を全て多様な関係者全員に提供する必要性がある。また、あらゆる活動から生成される膨大な量のデータを管理し、そのデータを、全てのプロジェクトの効果的な監督とモニタリング、ならびに今後の介入の計画立案への支援となる、意味のある情報に変える必要性がある。

このプロジェクトは、「森林統計情報システムのパイロットプロジェクトの開発と実現」[PD 41/99 Rev.1 (M)]に関するパイロットプロジェクトの主要なアウトプットである。情報システムモジュールは既に中央オフィスと2ヵ所の試験地域オフィスで開発され、実現されている。しかし残念ながら、2ヵ所の試験地域のアウトプットは、フィリピン全土の森林状況を反映していない。従って、DENRの地域、区域、及びコミュニティオフィスにおけるDENR森林経営事業の残りは、 森林情報システム（FIS）を採用、実現し、森林状況に関する全国的な統計情報と地理情報を提供しなければならない。

グアテマラの森林セクター機関は、政府レベル（法律や規制、報奨金）と民間レベル（産業化やマーケティング）のいずれのレベルでも、今まで独自に活動して信頼できる情報を生成してきた。このような活動は非常に大きなものであったとしても、国家レベルでの統計情報を提供できるような包括的政策と一貫したものではない。従って個々の活動はその特定の機関内部の一時的な内部問題を解決することはできるが、長期ビジョンに基づくものではなく、様々なデータ評価方法を使用することにより矛盾する情報を生み出すこともある。

上記弱点を受けて、このプロジェクトは接着剤となり、主要な情報生成機関を国内で識別することを目指す。このプロジェクトでは最新の情報テクノロジーが導入されたため、森林管理を担当する機関からなる地域単位は、モニタリングリングツールと適切な通信インフラストラクチャが利用可能となる。地域単位は共和国首都にある本部直属であり、現在は多くの面で、中央オフィスが生成する情報に頼っている。この新しい仕組みでは、状況は地域ごとに異なるため、森林経営モニタリングと管理の責任はこれら地域単位に分散され、迅速な情報収集プロセスと収集した情報の適切な処理が保証される。データ収集活動を補うものとして、システムが生成した信頼性の高い情報を利用して、収穫、産業化、及びマーケティング段階を通じて森林活動の成果を調査する統計分析ツールが開発される。このツールにより、森林分野での決定や政策立案のための基盤が改善される。さらに、民間機関のデータ生成手順が、その管理団体を通じて強化され、その結果、これら民間機関は国家レベルの信頼性の高い統計作成に積極的に参加することができる。

こうして開発目標である、「森林セクターでの国内及び海外投資を促進するという政策策定の基盤として、森林活動に関する信頼できる情報を適切なときに、手に入れやすい形で提供することで、国の社会的、経済的開発に寄与すること」の達成が保証される。

このプレプロジェクトの提案は、プロジェクト提案PD 378/05 (F) 「プランテーション種における立ち枯れ、腐食現象の制御」に関する第30回専門家パネルの勧告から生じている。チーク及びターミナリア属の樹種（FrakéやFramiré）は、1966年以降SODEFORが設立した森林プランテーションに存在する木材候補の大半を占めてきた。これらの種でプランテーション地域の約60%を占め、SODEFORの収益の70%以上を生み出す。しかし残念なことに、これらの種にはここ2,3年、腐食現象が見られ、その原因と治療法はいまだ完全に把握されていない。

このプレプロジェクトの目的は、森林再生種における立ち枯れ、腐食現象を統合的に病原菌制御することで、コートディヴォワールのプランテーション森林の保全及び持続可能な経営政策への支援を提供することである。特にこのプレプロジェクトは、コートディヴォワールのチークとターミナリア属に見られる立ち枯れ現象の基礎研究を考案することを目的とする。

予想されるアウトプットは、(1) 解決策へとつながる調査アプローチを記述する基礎研究報告書の作成と、(2) チークとターミナリア属における立ち枯れ、腐食現象の統合的制御に関するプロジェクト提案の策定である。

このプロジェクト提案は、2004年に終了したITTOプロジェクトPD 42/00 Rev.1 (F)「ITTO及び持続可能な森林経営の国内基準と指標を森林経営単位レベルで適用するためのトレーナー研修」の結論を基にした。プロジェクトPD 42/00の結論として、森林経営単位レベルで成果モニタリングシステムがないことが、インドネシアにおいて持続可能な森林経営の達成が遅々として進まない大きな理由の一つであることが示された。プロジェクトPD 42/00が生み出したSPF成果システムの内部モニタリングが 森林経営単位毎に適用されれば、森林伐採権に関する政府規制の有効性が増すだろう。

この提案されるプロジェクトの目的は、インドネシア森林伐採権保持者協会（APHI）の加盟会社によるSPF実践の実現を促進させることである。特に、i)プロジェクトPD 42/00 Rev.1 (F)下で開発されたSFM成果内部モニタリングシステムを適用する上での人的資源の能力を向上させ、ii)内部モニタリング成果システム（IMPS）のFMUによる適用に関する政府政策を促進させることを目的とする。

このプロジェクトの予想される主なアウトプットは以下の通りである。

・人的資源の研修計画の作成、実現
・FMUと政府職員に、IMPSとそのガイドラインの使用に関し研修を実施
・IMPSとガイドラインの普及と実施
・IMPS適用に関する政府政策の立案と実施

あらゆる熱帯広葉樹種の中でも、チーク（Tectona grandis）は恐らく、その非常に優れた寸法安定性と審美的品質から、最も良く知られ、価値の高い木材の中に入るだろう。チークは天然にはインドやミャンマー、ラオス、タイに生息するが、熱帯アジアに加え熱帯アフリカやラテンアメリカ、及びカリブ海諸国でもプランテーションで定着している。このプロジェクト提案を準備するにあたり基礎となったのは、2003年12月2日から5日にインド、ケララ、ピーチーのケララ森林研究所で開催された「持続可能な森林経営からの高品質なチーク材製品」 に関する国際会議の勧告である。

この12ヶ月にわたるプロジェクトの目的は、2007年にプランテーションからのチークの高品質な木材の加工、マーケティング、及び取引問題を批判的に評価するため、主要なアジアチーク生産国であるインド、インドネシア、マレーシア、ミャンマー及びタイに加え、輸入国の参加のもと、地域ワークショップを組織化することである。地域ワークショップに期待されることは、(i) プロジェクト立案者間で国の状況に関する明確な理解を形成し、(ii)各国の利害関係者の要望にこたえるため、調査や教育に加えネットワーク作りの分野での指導的立場の国を決定し、(iii) アジア地域のプロジェクパートナー間で作業関係を確立することである。

このプレプロジェクトは、PPD 19/01 Rev.1 (I)「持続可能な経営下のコンゴの森林における非木材森林製品の持続可能な経営」を基にする。研究では、カメルーン、コンゴ、ガボン、及び中央アフリカ共和国におけるこれら資源の持続可能な開発から生じるかもしれない潜在的、及び社会経済的恩恵を調査する必要がある。研究の結果は地域会議で公表され、付加価値のある資源のさらに持続性のある利用と、より効率的な経済開拓へとつながる可能性がある。

木材製品以外に、コンゴ盆地の森林生態系は注目に値する量の非木材森林製品（NTFP）を含む。NTFPはカメルーン、コンゴ（共和国）、ガボン、及び中央アフリカ共和国全体にとって、さらに特に森林地域に生活する現地の人々にとって非常に経済的な面で興味深い。これはNTFPが生活状態の改善に貢献するという事実があるためだ。しかし、資源ベースとしてのこれら製品に関する適切なデータや情報は、現時点ではない。